Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Paper Example It is also my job to become familiar with its structure and the steps necessary in forming a for-profit facility within a community of approximately 75,000 residents. My primary purpose is to define, develop, and to show how this facility can be set up to meet government regulations and requirements and to maximize profitability. One first needs to understand what exactly a primary care facility is and what are their functions. Primary care is a term used for health care services that play a major role in the local community. The term refers to work of health care professions who act as the first and primary point of consultation for its patients. The primary physician who comes in direct contact with the patients is usually a general practitioner or family physician. This is determined by location. In some instances the patient may opt to seek other means to self-determine the seriousness of their situation. Other health care professionals would be a pharmacist or maybe a nurse; thi s is more prevalent in the UK. The advantages to seeing these health care professionals are evident; they provide an immediate access and do not require an appointment. However, in some areas you would need to make an appointment to see a Nurse Practitioner. They would then make an assessment of the ailment or injury and refer the patient to a primary care physician or other care. Primary care in the existing facility involves a large range of health care. This includes all ages of patients, patients from all economic backgrounds as well as geographic origins. This could also include patients who want to maintain their own optimal health, mental health, social health, chronic physical ailments, acute chronic diseases, and including multiple chronic illnesses. Therefore, it is essential that a primary care physician possess a wide range of knowledge in many areas. The physician will also maintain continuity. This is the key to the success of a primary care facility and its staff. Man y of its patients prefer to consult the same primary care doctor for routine check-ups, and many like to see the same doctor for new complaints as well. Many physicians also prefer to collaborate with other primary care providers. Therefore, continuity and collaboration are two of the primary care facilities’ characteristics. The existing primary care/urgency care facility sees all types of patients from children to old adults. It’s located in a small town of 75,000 people and the residents consist of many backgrounds. The facility is located in a median income area; therefore, the patients vary from high income, mid income and low income patients. The current primary care facility see patients with common chronic illnesses; these include hypertension, heart failure and angina, diabetes, asthma and COPD, depression and anxiety, back pain, arthritis, and thyroid dysfunction. The prime care patients also include injuries of all types, broken bones, sprains, burns, cuts, abrasions, and other injuries that need an immediate assessment. This urgent care facility as well as others owned by Norvant specializes in treating serious conditions that may or may not be life threatening. According to the National Association for Ambulatory Care, â€Å"urgent care facilities are ideal for minor injuries like broken bones, small burns, muscle sprains and ear infections.† But like any organization, they also suggest that you go to a Hospital

Pharisees Sadducees Zealots And Essenes Theology Religion Essay

Pharisees Sadducees Zealots And Essenes Theology Religion Essay We must first look at the history of Israel to find the emergence of the main religious sects. Israel was sinning against God, not following the laws of Moses, intermarrying with other nations, and worshiping other gods. God sent prophets to speak to the Israelites to bring them back to him, but if they would not listen. The prophets would often prophesize events that would come because of the disobedience, but also restoration also. The events that lead to this split within the Jewish culture happened around the deportation and exile of an unknown number of Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II, starting with the first deportation in 597 BCE (Coogan, 1999, pg 350) and continuing after the fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Temple in 587 BCE (Jer 52,12-13). Fast forward to 539 BC, the Persians had captured Babylon; and Cyrus the great had allowed the Israelites to return back to Israel. Ezra 1:1-2: In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in ord er to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah, the LORD moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and also to put it in writing: This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Any of his people among you may go up to Jerusalem in Judah and build the temple of the LORD, the God of Israel, the God who is in Jerusalem, and may their God be with them. And in any locality where survivors may now be living, the people are to provide them with silver and gold, with goods and livestock, and with freewill offerings for the temple of God in Jerusalem.It was during these times that it is believed the two main sects; the Pharisees and Sadducees emerged. W. D. Morrison puts it: Long before the names Pharisee and Sadducee appear in the pages of history the divergent tendencies which these two parties represented were in existence within the Jewish community. It has, in fact, been contended that the foundation of their differences goes back into pre-exilian times, and that the priests and prophets of the old Israelitish monarchy are the true precursors of the Sadducees and Pharisees. But the complete transformation which Jewish society underwent after the return from Babylon (W Morrison, 2007, pg 13). Although it was not until the Maccabean period that these two groups properly emerged as prominent groups within the Jewish culture Pharisees The name Pharisee in its Hebrew form means separatists, or the separated ones, The Pharisees were common people, which consisted of laymen and scribes. According to Maayan Jaffe The Pharisees offered answers for how to live in a post-Temple world and for how to engage with the sacred in their daily lives. Likewise, the Pharisees had a commitment to scholarly debate. Their responses and their inclination for argument for the sake of Torah would eventually constitute Rabbinic Judaism. (The rabbis of the Amoraic period, for example, completed redacting the Jerusalem Talmud circa 400 C.E. and the Babylonia one circa 500 C.E.) (Jaffe pg 14, 2008). While Encyclopedia Britannica gives the reader further information on the beliefs of the Pharisees The Pharisees, on the other hand, believed that the Law that God gave to Moses was twofold, consisting of the Written Law and the Oral Law, i.e. the teachings of the prophets and the oral traditions of the Jewish people (Encyclopedia Britannica onl ine). The Basic role of The Pharisees was to keep the law. The Pharisees were very zealous for the Law of Moses, but they also considered themselves the guardians of the oral traditions that scholars developed over generations. The oral traditions interpreted the Law of Moses. For example, the Law said to keep the Sabbath. They were not to work on Gods holy day. Yet, what was work and what was not? The oral traditions filled in the details that Moses left out. For instance, how far could a person walk on the Sabbath without it being work? The interpreters decided that the distance was 2000 cubits which is about 2/3 of a mile. This was known as a Sabbaths day journey. Where did they get that number? When the Hebrews carried the Ark of the Covenant in the wilderness, God commanded them to walk 2000 cubits behind the ark. They decided that was Gods way of telling them how far one could walk on the Sabbath (Doug Reed, pg 1, 2011) The Pharisees also maintained that an afterlife existed and that God punished the wicked and rewarded the righteous in the world to come. They also believed in a messiah who would herald an era of world peace. Sadducees The Sadducees, by contrast, were the chief priests and people of the highest social and wealth class of the time, who were installed by the Roman government, primarily for the purpose of keeping the peace between Rome and the Jews. They were often wealthy and part of the ruling class in Jesus day. Many of them comprised the priesthood, but unlike the Levites, were not from the ancestral line of priests (royal priesthood, descendents of Aaron) that controlled the temple in Jerusalem. They only recognized the Torah as the inspired word of God. They acknowledged neither the prophets nor the oral traditions that came after the first five books of the Bible. Consequently, they did not believe in the resurrection or any life after death. They were often at odds with the Pharisees over this matter. (Doug Reed, pg 1, 2011) Essenes/Qumran The Essenes were a branch of Pharisees who emphasized a communal life and ritual purity, including full-body immersion for spiritual cleansing. Perhaps the best-known Essene is John the Baptist, And so John the Baptist  appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance  for the forgiveness of sins.  The whole Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.   John wore clothing made of camels hair, with a leather belt around his waist,  and he ate locusts  and wild honey (Mark 1:4-6). According to the Jewish Dictionary: A branch of the Pharisees who conformed to the most rigid rules of Levitical purity while aspiring to the highest degree of holiness. They lived solely by the work of their hands and in a state of communism, devoted their time to study and devotion and to the practice of benevolence, and refrained as far as feasible from conjugal intercourse and sensual ple asures, in order to be initiated into the highest mysteries of heaven and cause the expected Messianic time to come (Jewish Encyclopedia pg 19-20, 1906), it goes on to say: that ten thousand of them had been initiated by Moses into the mysteries of the sect, which, consisting of men of advanced years having neither wives nor children, practised the virtues of love and holiness and inhabited many cities and villages of Judea, living in communism as tillers of the soil or as mechanics according to common rules of simplicity and abstinence. In another passage he speaks of only four thousand Essenes, who lived as farmers and artisans apart from the cities and in a perfect state of communism, and who condemned slavery, avoided sacrifice, abstained from swearing, strove for holiness, and were particularly scrupulous regarding the Sabbath, which day was devoted to the reading and allegorical interpretation of the Law. Zealots The Zealots were yet another offshoot of the Pharisees. The Zealots believed that they could bring the beginning of the Messianic era (which included an end to foreign domination of Judea) by starting a rebellion against Rome. The dictionary also refers to Zealots as a member of a radical, warlike, ardently patriotic group of Jews in Judea, particularly prominent from a.d. 69 to 81, advocating the violent overthrow of Roman rule and vigorously resisting the efforts of the Romans and their supporters to heathenize the Jews. (Dictionary.com 2008) The Oxford History of the Biblical World, ed. by Michael D Coogan. Pub. by Oxford University Press, 1999. pg 350 Jews under Roman RulebyW. D. Morrison pg 13 2007 Dictionary.com was launched in 1995, under the name of Lexico Publishing, LLC and was acquired by IAC in 2008. Today, it is the most-visited, most trusted, online dictionary.   1906 Jewish Encyclopedia pg 19-20 Jaffe, Maayan.  Baltimore Jewish TimesHYPERLINK http://search.proquest.com/socialsciences/indexingvolumeissuelinkhandler/25578/Baltimore+Jewish+Times/02008Y01Y04$23Jan+4,+2008$3b++Vol.+300+$281$29/300/1?accountid=44543300.  1  (Jan 4, 2008): 14. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica  Ã‚   Author(s) As of 2008, 4,411 named contributors Country Scotland (1768-1900) United States (1901-present) Language English Subject(s) General Genre(s) Referenceencyclopaedia Publisher Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc. Official site Publication date 1768-2010 (printed version) Media type As of 2010, 32 volumes (hardbound) ISBN ISBN 1-59339-292-3 OCLC  Number 71783328 LC Classification AE5 .E363 2007 Thorncrownjournal Doug Reed 2011

The American Media and the Exploitation of Men :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The American Media and the Exploitation of Men Men’s rights in the media are deliberately ignored today on TV and in the newspapers. Men have a social obligation to get married, have children, and support the family by going to work eight hours a day. Not many people think that men don’t have these obligations in life. Warren Farrell it talks about how men’s expectations are unfair in the world today in the article â€Å"Men as Success Objects† by (page 185). Intentions for marriage have changed over the last millennium. From personal fulfillment, relationship, to love both men and women have their reasons for getting married. But with marriage there’s sometimes a divorce that comes with it, which has increased during the years. Because media focus on the women’s rights, most people don’t understand the sexism directed against men. The idea â€Å"men are jerks† is thought by women which have dominated the media. Along with fighting the degrading advertisements on the TV, men also have to live up to the obligation of bringing home a salary. Women marry men who are successful or have â€Å"potential† to make money in the world today. There are only a small percentage of men who will marry a woman because of her â€Å"potential†. More people need to recognize the unequal treatment men get these days. In the article â€Å"Marriage, Horror, and Susan Reimer,† the author expresses his disgust for the idea of marriage and having children. The woman Susan Reimer represents every American woman who thinks that no one is good enough for her. Every â€Å"Susan† says that they despise men, yet they want to get married and have babies. These kinds of women will rape men in divorce courts, which should convince men to avoid them. Marriage can also do permanent financial damage to men, which is why being single is not a bad idea in these times. Men should always think twice about having children. From bad schooling to divorce can have permanent damage on a child. Despite what women say, having children should not be a priority. Because of the women’s attitudes towards men today in America, it is recommended to find a wife somewhere overseas. Both of the texts have a strong point on men’s rights, and the perception on what women really want out of men. The authors would probably agree that men are being treated unfairly compared to women these days.

Communication in a Care Setting Essay

There are many different ways to communicate in the care setting and it is important that you use the right type of communication to match what the circumstances are. I will be using this essay to highlight the types of communication and when they should be used, for example, one to one communication, formal and informal, between colleagues, between professionals and people using services, multi-agency and multi-professional working. One to communication can be difficult for both people involved, especially if you don’t know each other well, or if one person is in a higher position than you, as this can cause a power balance. You need to be assertive, but not in a way that can put the other person down. The first thing to do is to create a positive impression. A good way of doing this is by making a friendly gesture, like a hand shake and smiling, as this breaks the ice and then both parties should hopefully feel more relaxed, and able to carry out a positive and friendly conversation, whether it be a formal work conversation, or an informal chat with a friend, or a colleague. The way you communicate with your work colleagues is extremely important, as you could be working with the same people for a long time and need to keep a positive atmosphere in the workplace, to help both the workers and the service users, as they the service users can pick up bad feelings and make them feel unsettled. There are many different forms of communication. Some are used in both formal and informal ways, such as text messaging. They are used informally between friends, but recently they are now used by health care settings, for example opticians, to send you a reminder message the day before an appointment. This form of communication should never be used in a setting where confidential information is used, as text messaging is not a totally safe form of communication. The same goes with emailing. This may be a fast and reliable way to send and receive important information, but there is always a chance of having your files hacked. Passwords must be used to help keep confidentiality. Written communication should be used in formal situations, where important information is needed to be recorded. This needs to be kept somewhere safe and secure. Oral communication is good for formal and informal settings, but you need to be careful where about the conversation takes place, as it can be easy to break confidentiality if the conversation is overheard. The same thing applies with sign language. If  this is used in a public place, someone around you may know sign language, so this can be a confidentiality issue. Music and drama can be used in different social care settings. Drama and Music therapists are used to help people, such as children who have been abused and find it easier to communicate what happened to them through role play, mime, or movement. These types of therapists can be used in conjunction with multi-agency working, for example, the police. If someone is on trial for abusing a child, the therapists use their skills to help the child to be able to speak about what happened, so it can be used in evidence in a court of law. Interpersonal interactions take place in many different ways. This can include speech, which like I included earlier on can be used in formal and informal contexts. The circumstances can be very different though depending on whether or not you are communicating in your first language, or if you or the person you are communicating with speaks with a different accent or dialect, or uses slang that you find difficult to understand. Also in each care setting jargon may be used, which is basically a way in which professional talk to each other that they understand, but others outside of that setting may not. An example of this is doctors using the term â€Å"SATS†, which is the blood saturation level, or BP, which is blood pressure. Along with verbal communication, a large majority of the way in which we communicate is actually non-verbal, with 55% of how we communicate actually being done by body language. In some formal or informal situations, the use of reflective listening is very important. A formal example would be a psychiatrist listening to a patient explaining what has been going on with them, or informally a friend listening to another friend’s problems. Sometimes I feel that listening can be the best form of communication that someone can use, as formally or informally, it makes the other person they are listening to feel like they care and can build trust between them. For those who are deaf the use of non-verbal communication is their main method of communicating with others. As well as the use of British sign language, known as Makaton, they communicate with facial expression, finger spelling, or even the use of signs and symbols. The use of touch can be used, but in formal situations there is the matter of professional boundaries. When communicating with someone who is deaf, or blind, it is important that the  right aids to communication are readily available, to cater to their specific needs. For example in a hospital, with a patient who is deaf, an interpreter should be used, and the use of braille for a blind patient. The uses of these aids are to break any barriers to communication.

Arab Americans

The biggest consideration in any effort to infiltrate the community is the legal and ethical issues that would govern those actions. Immigrants have rights and they must be respected in the country. It’s important that these people would know that the government respects them as persons and as citizens of America. There are constitutional rights that must not be broken; otherwise, no immigrant in the country would ever feel safe. There are already many crimes against their race and I wouldn’t want to add to that list. I believe in getting their trust in order for them to cooperate and become loyal to the country.Loyalty can’t be bought nor can it be forced. It has to be their decision to express loyalty to a country that treats them well. Ethical issues need also be taken into account. For instance, would it be right for me to tap into people’s conversations even if those persons are exemplary citizens and have been positive contributors to the community? If there are times when it is absolutely necessary to spy on every person in the immigrant population, then, it will be done so long as needless deaths will be prevented. As for sending agents, I believe it is a must to have undercover people among them in order to filter out the rotten tomatoes.The undercover work’s goal is to identify, without a doubt, who are propagating extremist ideas in the community. Once identified, these people will be given the appropriate punishment under the law. The most important role I could play in the community is to make sure that even the immigrants and the Arab Americans will not become unwitting tools of terrorists. 2. Based on the reading assignments, what status, rights and protections would you afford someone who was an American citizen captured in the United States in the act of terroristic violence?How about someone who was a foreign national engage in terrorism in the United States? An American citizen fights American forces abroad? A foreign national, but not a member of a nation's military, fighting American forces abroad? Would torture of any of these subjects ever be justified if it could save lives? American Citizen An American citizen captured in the country committing terroristic violence will be captured and imprisoned under the rules of law. Since it can be considered treason to commit acts of terror in one’s country, then that person will not have the rights of a common prisoner.Foreign National A foreign national committing terroristic activity in the country will be detained depending on the Attorney General’s mandates, and will be tried either inside the country or outside it. The hearing would likely be before a military tribunal. American Citizen Fighting American Forces Abroad If the American citizen fighting American forces abroad will be captured, he will be treated as a prisoner of war provided that he meets the criteria provided for in the Geneva Convention. He will have the r ights of a POW and will be treated accordingly.Foreign National Fighting American Forces Abroad A foreign national who is not a member of a military unit will be accorded a prisoner of war status until such time that his status will be determined by the appropriate tribunal. If the foreign national turns out to be a terrorist, then, he will be punished the way terrorists should be punished in accordance to law. 3. What are the different perspectives concerning Just War? Can the war on terror be properly characterized as a just war? Under what circumstances would fighting terrorism cease to be just?Why? The different perspectives of Just War are: †¢ Just War is only permissible as a last resort when all other non-violent means have been exhausted. †¢ A war can only be just if it is conducted by who society deems to have the authority to do so. †¢ Just war happens to remedy the wrong committed against society. †¢ To fight a war that does not have a chance of succee ding is not just. †¢ The ultimate goal of just war is the re-establishment of peace. †¢ It is just war if the violence in the war is proportionate to the injury endured.†¢ A just war does not target civilians and all efforts must be made so as not to harm civilians. The war on terror can be considered just because the proper authorities are out to get the villains in order to make the society safe for the citizens. Terrorists do not discriminate between military and civilian targets, as such, they must be stopped to avoid the killings of civilians. Fighting terrorism ceases to be just when the country has endangered citizens in the process. For example, if the U. S.will engage the whole of Afghanistan in war just because the Al Qaeda had its beginnings in that country won’t be just. It’s not fair to generalize that every Afghanistan is a terrorist. Also, war will become unjust if the wrong people are targeted by the authorities. Say for example that ever y person coming from the Middle East and who looks like Osama bin Laden will be detained by authorities because of how they look, then, that action is not just anymore. It is already a discrimination against individual persons. 4. How serious is the problem of anti-Americanism here at home?Should people be accountable for inciting violence when they glorify violent acts against America but themselves do not engage in it? What remedies are available to the government, if any, to deal with schools, mosques, and charities that indirectly support terrorism while not actually engaging in it? What should the remedies be? Anti-Americanism in the United States is often on issues that involve the presence of troops in Iraq, the operations in Afghanistan and global warming. Many Americans do not want the American troops to continue being in Iraq.There are constant protests and demonstrations asking the government for the troops’ withdrawal. At the same time, the government’s cam paign in Afghanistan is viewed by many citizens to be unreasonable and should be stopped. Many American Muslims believe that putting all of the blame on Osama bin Laden and his group is not right. There are also a lot of demonstrations and protests calling for the government to do something about global warming. Meanwhile, Pipes (2005) reports that some American Muslim schools have been teaching things that tantamount to being anti-American.As an example, an American-Muslim student told the Washington Post in 2001 that for him, being American is just about where he was born, and it does not define him. Some schools are also teaching things against the Jews, while promoting the supremacy of Islam. Pipes relates that a textbook in a Muslim school in Virginia has stated that only Islam is the true religion, and all others are false. First graders are easily influenced and reading this text would make them believe that people who are not Muslims are inferior to their race.The government , especially the education ministry, has to take a direct control over what materials are being taught in schools. The schools must not be allowed to focus too much on religion. There must be a law prohibiting minority schools to engage in activities or teach lessons that would indirectly support and promote terrorism. 5. Give your overall assessment of the USA PATRIOT ACT. Do you think it has contributed to the lack of terror attacks in the United States since 9/11? If you were in Congress, would you vote to renew the act as is?Would you change anything? Why or why not? Before the USA Patriotic Act was passed into law, electronic surveillance had to undergo a lot of red tape before it can be approved. Sharing of information between intelligence units and law enforcement agencies was very limited because the law does not say to what extent should information be shared. This could have resulted to missed opportunities to prevent acts of terror in the country. When the Patriotic Act w as enforced, every ground rule was established on how information will be obtained and shared.Surveillance of every information, financial or otherwise, became permissible. Even phone conversations can be tapped into. Because of this, the terrorist groups have to devise new ways of communicating, which possibly thwarted further acts of terror after 9/11. In this sense, the Patriotic Act is able to curtail further terroristic activities in the country. There are, however, some parts of the Act that speaks of human rights violations. For instance, indefinite detention of immigrants is not reasonable. It would strike fear in the hearts of those who are being loyal and good citizens of America.While the innocent would fear the Act, it would make terrorists wary of committing acts of terror. They would have to be very clever to go unnoticed. Overall, the Patriotic Act has served its purpose despite flaws in some of its contents. If I were a member of Congress, I would vote to renew the P atriotic Act. It may not be perfect but it has kept the country relatively free of terror attacks after 9/11. However, there would be some changes on the Act, which addresses controversial issues like indefinite detentions, secret trials, and giving vast powers to the executive branch.As a democratic country, it is important that the laws of democracy would not be forgotten in the quest to end terrorism. References Ferraro, V. Principles of the Just War. Mount Holyoke College. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www. mtholyoke. edu/acad/intrel/pol116/justwar. htm Pipes, D. (2005, March 29). What Are Islamic Schools Teaching? New York Sun. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www. danielpipes. org/article/2489 USA Patriot Act (H. R. 3162). Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www. personalinfomediary. com/USAPATRIOTACT_Text. htm

u me nad the people essays

u me nad the people essays 1. The eyes whispers I love you dear, the lips move, no words appear, when your love is true, sincere and real, what the lips hide, the eyes reveal. 2. Im glad friendship doesnt come with price tags. For if it did, I would never afford someone great as you. Thanks for being my friend. 3. In life, try not to expect anything from anybody. This way, you wont be disappointed if they dont live up to your expectations. Accept any blessings with a smile. 4. The more friends you have, the more treasure you have. Thats why I want to make friends. Can I? 5. No special season, no special reason...just taking the time to say Im glad youre my friend! 6. The miracle of friendship speaks from one heart to another, listens for unspoken needs, recognizes secret dreams, understands silent things. 7. You can close your eyes on things you want to see, but you can never close your heart on things you dont want to hear. 8. Seems like the only time I see you near is when I close my eyes. Should I keep it t hat way? Because its the only way I can make you stay. 9. When we get hurt, it is one way that God is telling us that not all thats painful is bad or wrong. We get hurt so we would never hurt others the way we were hurt. 10 . A friend is the voice when you cant speak, the strength when youre weak, the hope when youre sad and the joy when youre gloomy. 11. Dance like nobodys watching. Sing like nobodys listening. Love like youll never get hurt. Live like its heaven on earth. 12. This much I know is true, that God blessed the broken road that lead me straight to you. 13. When I saw you, I was afraid to look at you. When I looked at you , I was afraid to touch you. When I touched you, I was afraid to kiss y...

Missing Information in Chicago Authorâ€Date Referencing

Missing Information in Chicago Author–Date Referencing Missing Information in Chicago Author–Date Referencing Do you feel like something is missing from your life? Well, if what you’re missing is source information for a college paper, you’re in the right place! That’s because, in this post, we’re looking at how to handle missing information in Chicago author–date referencing. No Named Author Finding that a source doesn’t have a named author is a common problem. The best response is usually to cite an organizational author. For example, if we were citing a UNICEF report without a named author in Chicago author–date referencing, we could write: Recent campaigns have been more successful (UNICEF 2017). You would then use the organization name in the reference list at the end of the document, too. However, if there is no suitable organizational author to cite, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends using the source title instead. If the title is too long, though, you may want to shorten it in citations: In-Text Citation The organization has been criticized (â€Å"Problems with Planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2015). Reference List Entry â€Å"Problems with Planning for a Sustainable Future on an International Scale.† 2015. Accessed 28 August, 2018. https://medium.com/story/problems-planning-sustainable-future-international-scale-44a21e9c531 The title is in quote marks here because it is an article. However, the correct formatting depends on the source type (e.g., italics for a book title). No Year of Publication When a source does not specify a year of publication, use the abbreviation â€Å"n.d.† after a comma: The public was canvassed for solutions (Jackson, n.d.). This stands for â€Å"no date.† You should also use â€Å"n.d.† in the reference list entry for the source at the end of your document. However, â€Å"n.d.† is only used for an online source when it doesn’t have either: A date of publication Or a date for when the page was last updated If either of these are available, use them instead. Remember to check the web page carefully, too, as this information will not always be easy to spot. No Place of Publication or Publisher In a Chicago reference list, you should list books with a place of publication and publisher. But if you cannot find either of these details, you can use the abbreviation â€Å"n.p.† instead. This is short for either â€Å"no place† or â€Å"no publisher† depending on how it is used. You could use other Latin abbreviations to avoid this ambiguity: e.g., â€Å"s.l.† and â€Å"s.n.,† which stand for sine loco (without a place of publication) and sine nomine (without a named publisher) respectively. However, the Chicago Manual of Style says that â€Å"n.p.† is more likely to be understood in English-language publications. You should therefore use this unless instructed otherwise. Summary: Missing Information in Chicago Referencing Chicago referencing indicates missing information as follows: No author = Use the source title instead No year of publication = Use the abbreviation â€Å"n.d.† No place of publication = Use the abbreviation â€Å"n.p.† No publisher = Use the abbreviation â€Å"n.p.† However, remember to check before using these options. The information will be available somewhere in most cases, even if it is not immediately easy to see. And if you need help checking your referencing, get in touch today.

Basic Info and Attributes of Hermes Greek God

Basic Info and Attributes of Hermes Greek God Hermes is familiar as the messenger god in Greek mythology. In a related capacity, he brought the dead to the Underworld in his role of Psychopompos. Zeus made his thieving son Hermes god of commerce. Hermes invented various devices, especially musical ones, and possibly fire. He is known as a helpful god. Another aspect of Hermes is fertility god. It may be in connection with this role that the Greeks sculpted phallic stone markers or herms for Hermes. Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia (one of the Pleiades). Offspring of Hermes Hermes union with Aphrodite produced Hermaphroditus. It may have yielded Eros, Tyche, and perhaps Priapus. His union with a nymph, perhaps Callisto, produced Pan. He also sired Autolycus and Myrtilus. There are other possible children. Roman Equivalent Romans called Hermes Mercury. Attributes Hermes is sometimes shown as young and sometimes bearded. He wears a hat, winged sandals, and short cloak. Hermes has a tortoise-shell lyre and the staff of a shepherd. In his role as psychopomps, Hermes is the herdsman of the dead. Hermes is referred to as luck-bringing (messenger), giver of grace, and the Slayer of Argus. Powers Hermes is called Psychopompos (Herdsman of the dead or guider of souls), messenger, patron of travelers and athletics, bringer of sleep and dreams, thief, trickster. Hermes is a god of commerce and music. Hermes is the messenger or Herald of the gods and was known for his cunning and as a thief from the day of his birth. Hermes is the father of Pan and Autolycus. Sources Ancient sources for Hades include Aeschylus, Apollodorus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, Ovid, Parthenius of Nicaea, Pausanias, Pindar, Plato, Plutarch, Statius, Strabo, and Vergil. Hermes Myths Myths about Hermes (Mercury) re-told by Thomas Bulfinch include: ProserpineGolden Fleece - MedeaJuno and Her Rivals, Io and Callisto - Diana and Actaeon - Latona and the RusticsMonstersPerseusPrometheus and PandoraCupid and PsycheHercules Hebe and GanymedeMidas - Baucis and Philemon

Critical Analysis for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical Analysis for Managers - Essay Example In case there are hitches in the systems or the cultural elements are disjointed, the organization ends up performing below its standards. Through a case study, this paper will compare and contrast the systems and cultures and discuss the extent to which each can illuminate and inform the management role. In Disney-Smile Factory case, the employees identify themselves with the organization. The organization has been able to develop a positive culture which ensures that the employees are proud of working in Disneyland. For instance, Disneyland look is often a source of some amusement to the subordinates who feel privileged to be part of the group that puts a smile on the faces of thousands of the customers who visit the park each day. As a result, even during stressing days, employees are able to control their emotions and deal with delays and queries emanating from the customers without feeling aggrieved by the load of the work and responsibilities (Inceoglu 2002). The systems have played a significant role in enabling the employees to feel as a part of the organization. For instance, the organization has ensured that the systems that are in place minimize the contact of the employees with the customers (Murthy 2007). Therefore, when they are needed to intervene, the employees go out of their way in order to initiate contact with Disneyland customers. However, such a hitch does not make the employees feel as if it’s odd. This is because they are satisfied with the working environment in the organization and they are always ready to ensure that they go out of their way in order to ensure that the customers are satisfied with the services being offered (Hiriyappa 2009). This aspect has played a significant role in increasing customer loyalty towards the organization. Furthermore, it has lowered the level of turnover in the organization. The systems especially those

Jhumpa Lahiri And Local Colors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jhumpa Lahiri And Local Colors - Essay Example Her collection of short stories, The Interpreter of Maladies, won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It drew criticism especially from the Indians because they said that India was not painted in a more positive light. However, it still managed to become a bestseller. Lahiri writes nonfiction, sometimes published in The New Yorker, like Cooking Lessons, which talks about the importance of food in her relationship with her mother. Her writing style is actually simple. She uses simple words and plain language. Her characters are usually Indian-American, or Indians, by default. The setting is mostly America in which her characters have to navigate their native values into their new adopted home. Sometimes, one might think that her work is autobiographical, which is true because she says, she draws from her experiences. Of course, she also draws from the experiences of her friends and family, and this makes her literature more accessible and familiar to her readers. Her work is a good r eference to find the nuances of immigrant life, especially the Indian-American life. Her literature is also heavy on the use of local color. Of course, since her work is largely regionalistic, it can’t be helped if she uses local color to demonstrate the customs or other cultural artifacts native to her own land. It is both romantic and realistic; Romantic in a sense that it invokes nostalgia and sentimentality but also romantic since it involves realism, as in the realistic struggles of some folks in the stories. Local color stories tend to focus more on the details of the character and setting rather than the individual character itself. They can sometimes be stereotyped rather than be identified as a special character in the story. The characters are important because they are the ones who demonstrate the culture and the other cultural artifacts that the author is writing about. They also give away the values and the customs, as well as their adherence to tradition and tha t is directly related to the regional context of the author. The setting is also important. Unlike the character, details of the setting can be heavily detailed as to provide the necessary mood in the story. Sometimes, the setting is not the motherland, especially if they are talking about disconnect. Although Lahiri’s stories are fiction, she uses the first person point of view. This lends the story a personal touch. The narrator in her stories acts as a tour guide in the world that she paints. This first person point of view is quite refreshing because the readers feel extra special because they think that they are entering a secret world with the author. This makes Lahiri’s works exceptional. Another thing that makes Lahiri’s works exceptional is the fact that she uses food, language and religion as tools that mark her ethnic identity. These â€Å"little† details provide the necessary atmosphere in order for the story to be successful in portraying the local colors. In the story When Mr. Pirzada Came To Dine, Lahiri’s persona takes as a character of the narrator, who happens to be a little girl named Lilia. At one point of her life, a certain Mr. Pirzada from Dacca came to their house regularly for dinners. This was the time when Pakistan and India were fighting around 1965 (Indian-Pakistani War). Mr. Pirzada came to their house for the food, because he was not at all well-off as an immigrant, and of course, as someone from their own race/culture, even if they are Indians and Mr. Pirzada is a Pakistani, they welcomed him because they understood his plight as an

Critical Review-EU Sovereign Debt Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Review-EU Sovereign Debt Crisis - Essay Example This led to the creation of debt crisis in the countries of the European Union as the volume of bad loans started to increase (5 p,2). The increase in the number of bad loans led to the formation of a bubble until the bubble finally. This gave rise to the number of loan defaulters. The economy of European Union is such that the bloodstream of the economy is the interbank facilities of the European countries. The banks of the member countries not only lent each other for new finances but also offered credit for short term requirements. The bank lost huge funds in the form of bad loans on the back of financial and economic crisis in 2008. The banks of the European Union in countries like Greece, Italy, Spain and others incurred huge losses. The liquidity crunch in the short term operational requirements raised serious concerns in the European Union (1 p,37). Due to interlink between the European economies, the increase in the number of defaulters in a member’s financial system a ffected the economy of another European nation. For example, Italy owed an amount of $366billion to France. Due to non-repayment of loans, the increase in debt for France affected the economy of Italy. The spread of the liquidity crunch among the other nations in Europe and the rippling effect of the increase in debt of the European Nations resulted into the European sovereign debt crisis (3 p,29). Adding to this was the inability of the economies of European Union to print notes. The economies of the European Union had to depend on the European Central Bank based in Frankfurt for the provision of liquidity in the European economy. The increase in debts of the European Union needed timely intervention from the authorities of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the European Central bank for their bail outs (4 p,59). The rise in debt securities is given below. Open market operations of the economy were encouraged by the European Central Bank as a step for bailing out the E uropean nations from debt crisis. The European central bank bought the debt of the members of Euro-zone and also purchased the government securities. The concerns on inflation were also addressed by the European central bank by absorbing the same amount of liquidity (7 p,4). The bailout package designed for the European sovereign debt crisis is given below. Evaluation and Interpretation The dependence of the European member countries on each other for credit led to a widespread sovereign debt crisis in the Euro-zone. The debt crisis led to high liquidity crunch in the European economy and the members of the European Union were in dire need of annual funding. France, for example possessed a public debt which accounted to 86% of its GDP after the world war. Taking all micro as well as macro-economic factors into consideration for France, the country had an annual requirement of around 20% of its GDP. Greece and Portugal were among the member countries which were largely affected by th e Euro debt crisis with protests and showdowns ion Athens and Lisbon (2 p,45). The requirement of annual funding for Portugal, Italy, Spain and Belgium were 20%

Organised Crime in Films 'City Of God' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Organised Crime in Films 'City Of God' - Essay Example ThÐ µ moviÐ µ shows how thÐ µ rÐ µlativÐ µ frÐ µquÐ µncy of juvÐ µnilÐ µ gun usÐ µ and possÐ µssion, whÐ µn combinÐ µd with thÐ µ abovÐ µmÐ µntionÐ µd situations, complicatÐ µs thÐ µ futurÐ µ furthÐ µr, and all of thÐ µsÐ µ situations togÐ µthÐ µr form organizÐ µd crimÐ µ as a sort of culturÐ µ of dÐ µlinquÐ µncy that prÐ µsÐ µnts a dangÐ µr for thosÐ µ juvÐ µnilÐ µs who do not havÐ µ morÐ µ fulfilling ways with which to occupy thÐ µir timÐ µ. So many pÐ µoplÐ µ comÐ µ to thÐ µ wrong conclusions about juvÐ µnilÐ µs and automatically assumÐ µ that thÐ µy don’t want to do productivÐ µ activitiÐ µs such as sports and clubs, but would rathÐ µr join a gang. This may bÐ µ wrong in thÐ µ long run, bÐ µcausÐ µ of problÐ µms of accÐ µss to thÐ µsÐ µ morÐ µ productivÐ µ activitiÐ µs in somÐ µ arÐ µas. Making thÐ µsÐ µ activitiÐ µs and organizations availablÐ µ to a widÐ µr rangÐ µ of studÐ µnts could producÐ µ signi ficant bulwarks against thÐ µ downward spiral into thÐ µ abovÐ µmÐ µntionÐ µd pattÐ µrns of dÐ µstructivÐ µ bÐ µhavior, chiÐ µf among thÐ µm bÐ µing gang violÐ µncÐ µ. This typÐ µ of â€Å"violÐ µncÐ µ oftÐ µn rÐ µsults from a complÐ µx intÐ µraction of Ð µnvironmÐ µntal, social, and psychological factors such as thÐ µ lÐ µarnÐ µd bÐ µhavior of rÐ µsponding to conflict with violÐ µncÐ µ, thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µcts of drugs or alcohol, thÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µncÐ µ of wÐ µapons, thÐ µ absÐ µncÐ µ of positivÐ µ family rÐ µlationships and adult supÐ µrvision† (PosnÐ µr, 1998). Many juvÐ µnilÐ µs who do not havÐ µ positivÐ µ family rÐ µlationships and structurÐ µd timÐ µ undÐ µr supÐ µrvision during thÐ µir hours away from school may sÐ µÃ µ that by pursuing positivÐ µ Ð µxtracurricular activitiÐ µs that accÐ µntuatÐ µ thÐ µir futurÐ µs rathÐ µr than throwing thÐ µir futurÐ µs away by indulging in pattÐ µrns of organizÐ µd crimÐ µ mÐ µmbÐ µrship such as gangs, violÐ µncÐ µ, and drugs, thÐ µy may put thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs into a situation in which thÐ µsÐ µ positivÐ µ rÐ µlationships supÐ µrvision arÐ µ sÐ µÃ µn as positivÐ µ and prÐ µsÐ µnt and productivÐ µ in thÐ µir

Personal Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Biography - Essay Example When other girls of my age found their happiness in malls and shopping, I doodled, painted and played games with my brothers to get mine. Even though no one ever believed in me, I wanted to get into my dream school, pursue designing and aimed to become an amazing and inspirational designer someday. I never got any computer training during my school time in Jakarta but I was aware how relevant computers were today in the world of fashion and hence I self-taught myself to understand and use applications such as Photoshop from different forums and mediums such as the internet. I held onto my dream of becoming a designer and inspired myself constantly. After completing my high school, I shifted to Los Angeles to continue my degree in a community college because my parents were reluctant to let me take up art. However, my dream never left me and I was sure someday they would realize that art was the only thing that I wanted to do. Soon enough they understood the fact that designing was my sole passion and therefore allowed me to follow my dream of going to FIDM and taking up design. That was the happiest day of my life when finally my dreams were given wings and there are no words to thank my parents who gave me the much needed support. Every day that I spend at FIDM energizes me to reach my goal of becoming successful and inspiring others to become creative and finally making my parents proud without whom it would have been impossible to be the person that I am

The coming of age of caherine sloper in washington square and huck Essay

The coming of age of caherine sloper in washington square and huck finn in hucklberry finn - Essay Example at is central to both the stories is the coming-of-age of the protagonists, and the way in which they realize their inner strength and moral aptitude. Henry James’s position in the literary world is incomparable owing to the diversity of his works and the great volume of his literary works. His mastery of the psychological genre of novel writing and his innovative writing style makes his work distinct from that of other famous masters of the trade. Henry James believed that a piece of written work is good, if it resembles the intelligent conversation of men, and that is one of the reasons for the conversational style of his writing. Henry James employed the stream of consciousness method, where the novel is told from the point of view of a character. Some of the most famous books by him are â€Å"The Portrait of a Lady† â€Å"The Bostonians† and â€Å"Daisy Miller†. He also wrote a large number of short stories and essays in addition to criticisms. Setting is a very important element in his writing, and his characters and themes are seen in relation to their setting, and various eras and periods in time are used as the tools which create obstacles in the life of his characters. â€Å"Washington Square† is one of his early short novels which deals with the future of a young, simple girl is controlled by her authoritarian father, who rejects her young suitor. There ensues a battle of wills, all fought within the elegant townhouse which is their residence, and the story is marked by an unexpected turn of events and an equally surprising ending. James W. Gargano in the essay â€Å"Washington Square: A study in the Growth of the Inner Self† has made a clear critique which puts Catherine Sloper at the centre of all the action in the novel and traces her growth- emotional, spiritual and psychological, while earlier critics had been content to see her as a dull homely girl, much like her father (Gragano, 355,357). But as is typical of all the heroines of James novels

Personal Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Biography - Essay Example When other girls of my age found their happiness in malls and shopping, I doodled, painted and played games with my brothers to get mine. Even though no one ever believed in me, I wanted to get into my dream school, pursue designing and aimed to become an amazing and inspirational designer someday. I never got any computer training during my school time in Jakarta but I was aware how relevant computers were today in the world of fashion and hence I self-taught myself to understand and use applications such as Photoshop from different forums and mediums such as the internet. I held onto my dream of becoming a designer and inspired myself constantly. After completing my high school, I shifted to Los Angeles to continue my degree in a community college because my parents were reluctant to let me take up art. However, my dream never left me and I was sure someday they would realize that art was the only thing that I wanted to do. Soon enough they understood the fact that designing was my sole passion and therefore allowed me to follow my dream of going to FIDM and taking up design. That was the happiest day of my life when finally my dreams were given wings and there are no words to thank my parents who gave me the much needed support. Every day that I spend at FIDM energizes me to reach my goal of becoming successful and inspiring others to become creative and finally making my parents proud without whom it would have been impossible to be the person that I am

The attack on the world trade center and the rise of islamic threats Term Paper

The attack on the world trade center and the rise of islamic threats - Term Paper Example Terrorism refers to the threatened application of force, violence or coercion against individuals, society or governments and their properties, in order to coerce or intimidate the society and the government, to achieve the ideological, religious or political objectives of the terrorist groups2. Despite the fact that the threat of terrorism is rising from the extremist views of the minority militant Islamic groups, most especially from the Middle East, South Asia and some parts of Africa, their threat is real, and it has hit the whole world. The most worrying aspect of Islamic terrorist threats is that they are not simply targeted to a given country, society or group, but to multiple targets, which are perceived to have a connection with their perceived enemy. Thus, it is never known when and where the terrorists will strike next. The attack on the world trade center, popularly known as the 9/11 attack is the most conspicuous terrorist occurrence in the world, considering that the terrorists targeted and hit the heart of the world’s superpower, to simply send a message that none of the societies or countries in the world is safe or immune from the threat of terrorism3. Despite the fact that there has been a reawakening of the world to the live fact that terrorism is real and is bound to cause more scare to the world than it could have been anticipated, the world has not been able to completely devise measures that could help to neutralize this threat effectively. Thus, the threat of terrorism continues to scare the world, especially for any society or country that is perceived to have a connection with the west, which is the greatest target of the militant Islamic terrorist groups4. The actions of these extremist Islamic militants have been pitched on the Muslim religion, with such terrorist groups cla iming to be fighting a holy war against the societies that have not adhered to the requirements of their religion, which they hold as true and supreme. In this

When Does A Monsoon Happen Environmental Sciences Essay

When Does A Monsoon Happen Environmental Sciences Essay Monsoons come from global winds and air pressure, though the exact cause is still not completely understood. India in southern Asia is in particularly dramatically affected by the seasonal monsoons every year. On the other hand, Monsoons that take place throughout the rest of the world are smaller and less extreme. We studied monsoons briefly, in our geography class but it did not satisfy my interest in seasonal monsoons that occur all over the world. We hear a lot about floods and dangerous life style in many countries but, I never knew that the real reason behind them is seasonal monsoons. In this research I will be searching more about monsoons, in general. Their causes, their effect on peoples lives, their advantages and disadvantages along with their types. Nevertheless, the reason behind choosing to write about monsoons is that I am interested to learn more about natural weather in particular seasonal monsoons and about how they amazingly help in one way and causes disasters in other ways to the civilians. Introduction Monsoons, or Mawasim (an Arabic word for monsoon), are a shift in wind direction which causes unrestrained rainfall in many parts of the world. Asia, North America, South America, and Africa face natural seasonal wind, monsoons every year. Southern Asia comes across worst seasonal monsoons each year. Monsoons are known for its use and its damages. Monsoons are usually defined as seasonal winds accompanied seasonal differences in downfalls. Indian monsoons form due to the unequal heating of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere in summer season by the solar radiation. Similar to the formation of sea breeze over coastal station and the formation of land. However, There are two types of seasonal winds dry monsoons during summer and the winter monsoons during winter seasons. These two types effect agriculture and sometimes might cause huge damages to the civilians and peasants in areas were monsoons are most dangerous. In other places of the world monsoons are the gift that farmers wait for throughout the year for its agricultural improvement and abundance. What are Monsoons? Monsoon is a word used to describe a system of alternating winds which blow persistently from the northeast during the northern winter and from the opposite direction, the southwest, during the northern summer. Thus, the term monsoon actually refers solely to a seasonal wind shift, and not to precipitation. Traders practice the waters off the Arabian and Indian coasts noted for centuries that dry northeast winds in the winter suddenly turn to the southwest during the summer, and bring beneficial yet torrential rains to the Asian subcontinent. It had became known that these large scale wind shifts, from dry desert areas to moist tropical areas, occur in other parts of the Earth, including the Oceanic subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Australia, North America, Africa and South America. These wind shifts, and the dramatic change in weather they bring, are all more or less driven by a similar mechanism. For much of the year, low level winds in dry subtropical regions tend to blow from the land toward the sea. However by late spring, strong solar heating causes temperatures to soar over these land areas. Later on during the year much more humid air over the ocean is drawn toward the hot, dry air over land. This moist air moving onto the hot land eventually becomes unstable and develops into thunderstorms. Once this occurs and rain begins to fall, humidity levels increase over land, which only triggers more thunderstorms. This cycle will continue until land areas begin to cool in the early fall and water temperatures reach their peak in early fall. Types and formation of monsoons Caused by differential heating during summer and winter, Monsoons winds are just like land and sea breezes, except that they are on a large continental scale instead of just being to the coastal regions. Monsoons are most likely to be found in countries such as Asia especially the sub contents of China, Japan and India. The interior of Asia in the northern hemisphere during summer days is much hotter than the sea around the area. Rapid heating due to the hot weather causes the warm air to rise, creating intense low pressure. As for the southern hemisphere that experiences winter during this time creates a region of high pressure due to low temperature and cool air. Winds are thus blown across the equator into the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rain in the form of the South-West Monsoons. The opposite takes place in the winter. Moreover, the interior of Asia is much colder than the sea around it in Northern Hemisphere. Region with high pressure will be formed by denser air and rapid coo ling. Meanwhile in the Southern Hemisphere it is summer and the warm air rises creating a region with low pressure. Winds thus blow out of the continent of Asia into the Indian Ocean as the North-East seasonal Monsoon. Compared to nearby oceans monsoons are formed by a larger altitude of the seasonal cycle of land temperature. Monsoons are caused by several factors that affect the region. To begin with heating and cooling of large land masses in relation to the surrounding sea, which impacts on pressure and winds is one of important factors. Another factor, that plays an important role in the formation of monsoons is high lands interference with the general atmospheric circulations. Monsoons, dangerous or not? Causing storms and floods, Monsoons, lead to the terrible loss of homes of people, families, and their possesses all of the catastrophic consequences makes these seasonal winds dangerous. Despite their damages that they cause, they are yet helpful and useful in other ways. One of the most important jobs that monsoons do is improving the farming in countrified areas. The agricultural operation in India entirely depends upon the monsoon which blows over the country and it helps in their rural work. If the monsoon that blows over India becomes weak in a specific year there will be crop failure. The abundant rain throughout monsoon season, sometimes for a few days it causes floods and affects the normal life. Overall the monsoon, particularly the Indian monsoon forms due the unequal heating of the Northern Hemisphere, where land area is more, and the Southern Hemisphere, where sea area is more, in summer season by the solar radiation. It is similar to the formation of land and sea breeze over coastal stations. Occurring of monsoons. Millions of civilians become homeless and with no place to go to, death rates increases each year in southern Asia, the region that experiences the worst monsoons around the world. Generally, the monsoon season of India occurs from June to September. Including how much rain will be seen and how long periods of time the rains will last the point of its effects changes from place to place. Monsoons are especially helpful for India, Bangladesh and Burma or Myanmar providing valuable water for subsistence farmers and bringing a large portion of their water supply. The economy of these countries largely depends on the success of this rainy season. Advantages and disadvantages of seasonal winds Seasonal Monsoons have some advantages and disadvantages on the continents climate. One of the advantages of these seasonal winds is the process of water cooling the earth and reducing the temperature. Earth necessitates water, if there is no rain the water bodies will get dried out. Rain is beautiful, is a visual cover, which captures human minds and thoughts. Rain is water and water is life so without water no living organism can survive. The abundance of water during seasonal winds is one of the most important advantages of monsoons. All with the vegetation of land gains from the rain brought by these seasonal winds are advantages. However, although monsoons have many advantages for the people disadvantages are also found. Extra water is not as good as average amount of water supply for the crops therefore farm some sensitive crops that need a specific amount of water will not be able to survive. Due to the floods caused by monsoons peoples properties will get lost or even damaged. However, family members especially kids and old people might get lost or even drow ned due to the flooded lands. Many people do not know how to swim which will cause lots of trouble and will not help in any way if they wanted to rescue their kids or family. Many cars might get stopped due to the high water level and people inside it will be stuck inside for long time, dying eventually. Along with the diseases and flews that people will face during these bad weather circumstances. All these are disadvantages of seasonal winds or monsoons in other words.http://www.pacificislandtravel.com/nature_gallery/monsoons2.gif Effects of monsoon Monsoons represent the second rainy season for Arizona. For, dry and warm weather are brought during months of May and June over countries such as Arizona. And by the end of June, however, afternoon clouds can be seen building over the higher land of northern Arizona, and by early July, the skies typically begin to release its accumulated moisture. With the first rainy season occurring during the cooler months of November through April. Monsoons circulation does not produce thunderstorms every day during the months of July-September, but rather occurs in a pattern that has what are known as bursts and breaks. Weak disturbances in the upper atmosphere act to focus thunderstorm activity over the state for a period of a few days to more than a week during the bursts (below, left). Occasionally, however, the Bermuda high will become a bit stronger and develops over northwestern Mexico. This leads to breaks (below, right) in the monsoon, where the southerly winds decrease and the atmosphe re becomes much less likely to allow thunderstorms to develop. Leading to a significant decrease in thunderstorm activity, and may last from a day or two to close to a week. This cycle of bursts and breaks will continue from the onset of the monsoon circulation, until the time when cold fronts begin to move across the state of Arizona, which returns our winds to a westerly or northwesterly direction. Although monsoons have bad effects on its people, including famine, the overall effects of these seasonal winds are yet useful and helpful for the farmers and peasants generally. After a long shortage of rainfall, the countries affected by monsoons seasons welcome the rain as a point at which the drought comes to an end. However, if these rainfalls during the season were below average then further drought can be devastating and will probably cause famine and further starvation for its people. All this leads to food supplies dwindling and crops unable to grow, and many of the areas inhab itants may die of famine. Those who make their living from the land welcome the season, where the rains will make a large contribution to the crops they produce. However, flood will be caused by monsoons when too much rain comes in short period of time that not only damages crops and drowns livestock, but also harm inhabitants of the area. However, in less extreme forms these floods help to fertilize the soil. Monsoons have huge impacts on farmers and their crops and livestock. If the rains dont come as expected then farming patterns can be disrupted. Not to mention the effects of drought and flood, as covered above. The economy of many countries greatly depends on agriculture, meaning that the disruption not only harms health and availability of food, but the economy as a whole and food prices rise dramatically in contrast. Satellite image of monsoon bust conditions.Satellite image of monsoon burst conditions. Burst Break Characteristics of monsoon A seasonal wind in southern Asia that blows from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter takes place over distances of thousands of kilometers, and their two frequent patterns of wind flow act over a periodical time scale. Monsoons are regional scale wind systems that predictably change direction with the passing of the seasons. These wind systems like land/sea breezes are created by the temperature contrasts that exist between the surfaces of land and ocean. However, monsoons are different from land/sea breezes both spatially and temporally. In the summer, the continents become much warmer than the oceans because of a number of factors. Some of these factors include specific heat differences between land and water, greater evaporation over water surfaces. Monsoon winds blow from the cooler ocean surfaces onto the warmer continents during the summer. Precipitation is normally related with the summer monsoon. Condensation and rain are caused from the onshore winds blo wing from the inland from the warm ocean are very high in humidity, and slight cooling of these air masses. In some cases, this precipitation can be greatly intensified by orography uplift. The winter monsoons bring clear dry weather and winds that flow from land to sea. Some highland areas in Asia receive more than 10 meters of rain during the summer months. With little solar energy available, the continents begin cooling rapidly as long wave radiation is emitted to space. In the winter, the wind patterns reverse as the ocean surfaces are now warmer. The ocean surface retains its heat energy longer because of waters high specific heat and subsurface mixing. Conclusion: In conclusion, I reached my goals and I successfully found out all the needed information on monsoons. Monsoons are seasonal winds found in many part around the world. They have many advantages and disadvantages along with good and bad effects on the agriculture of a country. There are two different types of these seasonal winds, summer and winter monsoons. Each forms and occurs in different circumstances and conditions. As a result, it is certainly not easy to live in a country that experience seasonal monsoons around the year .this research was very interesting and useful and full of information and knowledge.

Beowulf and Modern United States Essay -- Culture Compare Contrast Ess

Beowulf and Modern United States Many people who read the poem Beowulf would probably find it hard to find similarities between the poem and life in modern America. How could one compare an ancient Anglo-Saxon culture with the sophisticated world that we are living in today? But, if we look closely, we may be able to pinpoint some parallel between the two societies. This essay will discuss the topics of warrior life, the â€Å"bad guy,† and social similarities. One might wonder how a warrior culture might be similar to our own? But if we consider American culture, we are actually still very war-like. We have a strong military system built to protect our country and the people that make it up. We are also known for going to the aid of other countries that aren’t able to defend themselves. This is very similar to the mentality of the warriors in Beowulf. Beowulf comes to the aid of Hrothgar’s falling kingdom. Another similarity between the two cultures that some people may see in the most recent times is the idea of the bad guy or â€Å"monster.† Today Americans are trying to deal with ...

The doom of apple :: essays research papers

The Ethics of War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unrestricted submarine warfare is often considered a shady practice in a time of war. Unrestricted submarine warfare is when one country sets up an area that is declared a war-zone, any ships that enter this zone, military or civilian, will be fired upon without warning. Is this right? In my essay, I will weigh the pros and cons of this tactic used by the German’s in WWI.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The practice of unrestricted warfare cost the lives of many innocent people. No warning is given so there is no chance to surrender or abandon ship! And foremost, unrestricted submarine warfare violates the so-called rules of war. In the case of the Lucitania, it was believed to be carrying supplies (this was true) and the ship could have later become a threat to Germany if converted into a war or transport ship. But, at the time, the ship or its 2000 passengers were not a threat to U-20, yet the Lucitiana was sunk without warning and with massive losses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unrestricted submarine warfare is a very shady, but effective tactic, nonetheless. When implemented, little to no supplies reach your enemies, this gives a tactical strangle hold on a war. Why is no warring given on civilian ships? To a U-boat stealth and surprise are its only defenses. Once a U-boat reveals itself, it is open to ramming and attack thus endangering the crew. In most cases, keeping your troops safe comes above keeping the enemies safe. Why would someone need to attack a civilian ship anyway? Because they may be carrying supplies. To say unrestricted submarine warfare violates the â€Å"rules† of war then why is the opposition violating the â€Å"rules† by putting troops and supplies on a civilian ship making it a target of submarines? Using the lives of innocent people as a shield to protect supplies is just as bad as firing on an unarmed ship without warning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is unrestricted submarine warfare right? In my opinion a submarine must give civilian ships a chance to abandon ship. A submarine does not need to expose itself to send a warning, send a radio ultimatum, and then a warning shot. How much of a treat could a passenger ship pose anyway?

The Relationship Between Human Health and the Built Environment

Undertaking 1Built environment is straight associated with wellness of people populating, working and playing in them and has different impact on different age groups, therefore plays critical portion in human wellness. Increasing cost of wellness, instances of diabetes, fleshiness and other diseases, deficiency of exercising due to transport vehicles domination, easy fast nutrient and limited societal assemblages due to technological promotions adds to wellness jobs in Australia. New South Wales ( NSW ) section of wellness has proposed a wellness built environment plan ( HBEP ) , which focuses on redesigning and developing built environment to better overall wellness utilizing best in category patterns and policies. Evidence gathered by NSW section of wellness identified deficiency of physical activity, low quality nutrient and improper communicating between communities as the taking grounds behind wellness jobs. Paper focuses on how can these hazards be lowered by modifying the bui lt environment. HBEP plan focal points on how reinforced environment can be improved to better wellness. Discussion on benefits of increased physical activity on wellness were made along with the grounds on how reinforced environment alteration can actuate people to increase physical activity. Evidence has been provided on how political, economic, societal and policies related to construct environment can act upon physical activity positively. Critical analysis on how high residential denseness country in reinforced environment of society, distance to street markets, maintained pathwaies, along with little design elements alteration can increase degree of physical activity. A developing form in the constellation, urban arrangement, and renewing careers is one that explores how build environment helps the wellbeing issues of Australia. This position is focused around the idea that deficient eating methodological analysis and stationary life builds the danger for some unwellnesss, for illustration, cardiovascular illness, high blood pressure, colon malignance, kind 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, stalwartness, jitteriness and depression. An agreement now exists among wellbeing research workers, curative professionals and different experts that a dynamic life style lessens the danger for some ceaseless infections and/or encourages the effectual disposal of those illnesss. Inside this scene, the dynamic life development emerged a twosome of old ages prior to strike the stationary society issue. It focused on the betterment of a life style that incorporates physical action into twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours agendas, with the aim of aggregating negligibly 30 proceedingss of motion every twenty-four hours by sauntering, bicycling, working out, working in the pace, taking the steps, or take parting in some other sort of physical action. Further perceptual experience of people towards physical activity in reinforced environment was discussed and how this can be molded in support of physical activity utilizing built environment redevelopment policies was analyzed. HBEP plan besides considers built environment alteration for school and college substructures besides in order to do the new coevals accustomed with the importance of wellness every bit early as school. Overall research on societal ecological theoretical account is done sing the impact of policies related to society, political relations, built environment and economical on physical activity. Further a elaborate research on the impact of built environment on community strengthening was conducted and failings were found related to hapless self residential determination devising and carelessness of wellness variables in built environment which were so included in HBEP policy plan. Gap analysis between built environment impact on societal connexion amongst peopl e and community authorization was analyzed. HBEP policy considers bridging this spread through improved communicating between built environment section and wellness section of Australia. Paper besides reviews literatures the impact of advertisement of fast nutrients on their ingestion and how it leads to increases instances of diseases. It was found that there is no proper consideration of relationship between advertisement of bad nutrient and jobs originating due to ingestion of that nutrient. Evidence were found by NSW section of wellness that built environment of schools besides had no proviso of commanding advertisement of fast nutrients around school campuses. It was found that reinforced environment policy did non had any methodological analysis to see the impact of hapless nutrient handiness on the wellness. HBEP proposes a qualitative and quantitative survey to understand the relationship with nutrient in reinforced environment of schools and even residences and advance good nutrient within the environment. Exploration is needed on all parts of the based environment ‘s consequence on sound nourishment debut in Australia. While assorted immense graduated table surveies have been attempted appraising handiness of less than great nutriment, their consequences need to be farther investigated through complex quantitative and qualitative analysis. Advancement of an mixture of socially huffy geographic expedition embraced in diverse urban metropoliss and towns will allow more reliable generalisations to underpin attack. Further paper proposes that making a healthy built environment must be taken attention of critically through better communicating and apprehension, choice leading and relationship edifice. This paper unites a proof base of bing scrutiny to rede solid nature ‘s sod attacks and motions. It similarly helps to the identii ¬?cation of parts of geographic expedition in which reinforced environment policy deficiencies. The Survey ‘s cardinal message is that there is a solid relationship between persons ‘ well-being and built environment and this relationship is really complex. This paper talks about the undertakings, which need to considered in reinforced environment policy of Australia so that healthy environments can be built and jobs can be lowered.Social interaction are determiners of good wellnessThis statement was mentioned on page 75 of paper and was raised in order to better the societal interactions amongst community people so that reinforced environment can be socially healthy. I wholly agree with this statement in the context of the paper and otherwise. Social interactions improves information flow between people, which can be good for the socie ty as affairs like hapless nutrient around the built environment, cleanliness of workplace, residential society and other topographic points which can impact wellness. It will besides farther better the overall quality of physical and societal environment in communities therefore beef uping the good wellness. Majority of people who will profit from societal interaction are old age people who non so frequently acquire opportunities to socialise. Harmonizing to a study done by University of Rochester medical centre, people who frequently socialize more than other does, populate more and happy ( University of Rochester, 2014 ) . Apart from that, there are many wellness advantages of societal interaction, which are discussed below to farther back up the statement: –Frequently people who socially interact have low blood force per unit area degrees than people who do non interact frequently.Low hazard of Alzheimer’sCan assist one overcome solitariness and depression.Less or no hazard of malignant neoplastic disease and cardiovascular related jobs.Everybody needs to experience idolized and upheld peculiarly as we develop more seasoned. As we age, comrades truly might be line of lifes. Social interaction, offering, being in contact with other people who have dynamic, included lives gives populating a ground. Offer to comrades Plutos duplicate the delectations and separation the hurts. Vast, augmented households that were on a regular basis accessible for endorsing are presently less. The sum of one-person household units has expanded. Persons on a regular basis move a long manner from their households to work or vacate. In any instance remaining associated with household, comrades and exercisings has ne'er been more critical. A few surveies report fewer colds, lower circulatory strain and lower bosom rates in members with solid societal ties. Detail indicates that matrimony, possibly the strongest tie, adds old ages to future. Furthermore, self-destructi on, emotional instability and spirits maltreatment rates are much lower when persons interact socially on a higher degree ( Gold, 1999 ) . Another survey from the US recommends that societal coaction ought to be viewed as an indispensable component for turning lifetime, on a criterion with other wellbeing and lifestyle constituents, to the grade that low societal connexion hurts life span to the extent that liquor dependence and smoke, has more consequence than absence of activity, and is twice every bit destructive as fleshiness ( Louv, 2012 ) . Analysts at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in Provo, Utah, directed a meta-examination of distributed surveies and found that holding societal ties with comrades, household, neighbours and associates can heighten our opportunities of endurance by 50 for every penny. You can read about their survey online in a paper distributed in the July issue of PLOS Medicine. Mentions: –Louv R. , 2012, Health benefits to kids from contact with the out-of-doorss and nature, [ Online ] , Available from: – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childrenandnature.org/downloads/CNNHealthBenefits2012.pdf [ Accessed on 13th June, 2014 ]University of Rochester, 2014, Older grownups and importance of societal interaction, [ Online ] , Available from: – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx? ContentTypeID=1 & A ; ContentID=4513 [ Accessed on 13ThursdayJune, 2014 ]Gold E. , 1999, Benefits of societal interaction, [ Online ] , Available from: – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.valueoptions.com/april06_newsletter/benefits_of_social_interactions.htm [ Accessed on 13th June,2014 ]

Cicero, Aristotle, Plato – Just Warrior

Tory Macdonald 9. 25. 12 Ethics of War and Peace Essay #1 My question: Plato, Aristotle and Cicero all talked about Just War Theory, and emphasis on the Just Warrior. Obedience and loyalty ( can lead to destruction. Plato, Aristotle and Cicero, the fathers of the Just War tradition, develop and enhance the concept of civic virtue and the necessity to uphold such morality during the most chaotic, violent and brutal of times – war. They each defend the necessity of war; yet emphasize the correct code of conduct in war and what makes an honorable and just warrior.Today, war is much less engrained in our culture; our sons are not born with the future of a warrior. However, when there is war, we hear of many unjust and dishonorable acts such as mass rape, genocide, or specifically the My Lai Massacre. Plato, Aristotle and Cicero lived through a culture of war, defending it as necessary to keeping the peace. Because it was so engrained in their culture, a normalcy, they were not as concerned with the inhumane idea that defines war- killing another human being. Today, we do not live in a culture of constant war, therefore we are more susceptible to becoming overwhelmed by the trauma of violence.Plato, Aristotle and Cicero, provide guidelines of a just warrior however, had not yet discovered what it is that can turn a good man into a bad one, and what horrible aspects of war he may fall victim to. Today, true courage means fighting against dishonor, because unfortunately, war turns the most honorable men into dishonorable ones. Plato is a philosopher who lived from 469-399 through the Peloponnesian Wars and stressed the belief that for man, there is something worse than death- an unreflective life. Plato reasoned that all people should strive to be pious, or good.He noted that piety is what the God’s hold dear, what all the Gods agree upon therefore, it is these morals that the people should uphold. In war, a soldier should not fear death but rather fear a dishonorable or impious life. He should rather die from pain than he should from shame. The same idea should be used when deciding to go to war or not. There must always be a just reason. In a conversation between Alcibiades and Socrates, Plato describes the importance of waging war for a just cause. ‘Soc: Don’t you know that when we make war we begin to wage war after accusing each other of some affront and what term we use when we begin?Alc: I do – we say we have been deceived, or done violence to, or deprived of something. ’[1] He then elaborates to whom a war can be claimed against: ‘Soc: Now, what of this? Whom will you advise the Athenians to wage war against, those behaving unjustly or those practicing the just things? Alc: What you are asking is a terrible thing; for even if someone had it in his mind that war ought to be waged against those practicing the just things, he would not admit to it, at least. ’[2] Plato seeks the unbiased truth, a critical reflection on why and what to do in a situation, especially regarding war.Each of his answers comes back to being pious and reflective. He believes that war is necessary to keep up a good state, however believes it especially important to uphold pious and virtuous standards as a just warrior, in a just cause, using just means, to accomplish just ends. Aristotle is the founder of virtue ethics or â€Å"Jus in bello†, just actions in war. Aristotle claimed that virtues are described as a mean of excellence, a center between two extremes: excess and deficiency. For example, courage is a balance between cowardice and recklessness.Prudence is practical wisdom that determines the mean of all virtues essentially what determines the mean between two extremes. This is especially important in defining the virtues of a warrior. Aristotle believes that a â€Å"just warrior† is a man who exhibits courage and commits actions that are only noble. He states there sh ould be a purpose to his fighting, something he is willing to die for. A â€Å"just warrior† chooses to endure things because it is noble. â€Å"He will fear them as he ought and as reason directs, and he will face them for the sake of what is noble, for this is the end of excellence. [3] He notes that a courageous man is not a fearless one, but one who faces those fears because it is right. Aristotle also notes that, â€Å"Courage is noble. Therefore the end is also noble; for each thing is defined by its end. Therefore it is for a noble end that the brave man endures and acts as courage directs. †[4] Aristotle emphasizes that a just warrior fights only for a just cause. Aristotle also illustrates five different types of courage and their honorable uses. The first is political courage. One who exhibits political courage fears shame rather than pain or punishment.The second is that courage is knowledge. He notes, â€Å"While the former from the very beginning faced t he danger on the assumption they were stronger, and when they know the facts they fly, fearing death more than disgrace; but the brave man is not that sort of person†. [5] He explains that when one knows of the danger, and still plows ahead, he is courageous. The third is that passion should aid morals, however feelings are not bravery and emotions should not speak louder than reason. As Homer noted, â€Å"put strength into his passion†[6] as those who are passionate are often eager to rush into danger.The fourth states that sanguine people are not brave, â€Å"for they are confident in danger only because they have conquered often against many foes†¦when their adventures do not succeed however, they run away; but it was the mark of a brave man to face things that are. †[7] A noble man acts on character, not calculations. The fifth point is that courage does not mean people who are ignorant. Those who do not know and succeed are not brave, just lucky. Cicero who lived from 106 to 43 BC, created the Peace Movement that moved away from â€Å"best defense is a good offense† to the idea of constant civic virtue.He strongly stated that war must be undertaken with the aim of peace. He believed that war must be a last resort and a declaration between two parties. â€Å"For this we can grasp that no war is just unless it is waged after a formal demand for restoration, or unless it has been formally announced and declared beforehand. †[8] Justice was to be maintained amongst all participants. He was the first to declare that war was not a world apart, and that atrocities committed at an international level were not different as if they were committed in ones own state.Cicero stated that the â€Å"moral fellowship of mankind should know no boundaries†. [9] This correlates with his idea of natural law; a natural fellowship that exists amongst all humans, which nature has provided for all men to treat each other morally. There are commonalities amongst all men, no matter if he is a sea away, and Cicero believed that each warrior to act justly was to uphold that concept. Cicero also stressed that the fighting during war must always be towards an honorable end.He notes that a just warrior does not think of self-interest saying, â€Å"However, if the loftiness of spirit that reveals itself amid danger and toil is empty of justice, if it fights not for the common safety but for its own advantages, it is a vice. †[10] He also values reasons that make decisions over courage that incites battle. A just warrior â€Å"fights on behalf of fairness†[11]. A just warrior must also be able to balance reason with his cause. Cicero notes, â€Å"However, we must exercise the body, training it so that when it has to attend to business or endure hard work it is able to obey counsel and reason. [12] Just because a warrior is fighting for a noble cause, does not mean he can lose sight of the just reasoning beh ind it and we must train our soldiers so that this doesn’t happen. The My Lai massacre on March 16th, 1968 was the mass murder of somewhere between 347 to 500 innocent, unarmed village people of Southern Vietnam. [13] The United States military men of the Company C â€Å"Charlie† of the 1st Battalion committed the acts that included mass murder, mutilation, ransacking and rape. Lead into the area under a false indication of dense enemy activity, they were met with women, children, and the elderly.Although the men had not yet suffered any direct attack in the first months of their deployment, they had suffered mines and booby traps, losing many men. [14] The company was given orders by Captain Ernest Medina, who clearly stated that all those who were enemies or seemed like enemies were to be taken down. [15] The company lead by Second Lieutenant William Calley then went in to the village, and began firing at what was supposed to be dangerous enemies. [16] The violence e scalated and the brutality did not stop.Several men participated, several men stood back and watched. Only one man, Warrant Officer Scout Hugh Thompson who had spotted the massacre from a helicopter, sacrificed his life and the lives of his men to stop the atrocities. [17] To this day, only one man has been convicted of war crimes and only served three years of house arrest. The others were left alone. Today, the My Lai Massacre is looked at as the epitome of the Vietnam War- a mistake, a terrible time of confusion, an example of the psychological traumas of war.Most importantly, it is an example of how easily dishonor can cloud moral reasoning. These men were angry to have lost their fellow brothers in mines and booby traps, they were scared, they were starving, and they were not in their natural mind. A soldier states of that day, â€Å"Yes I am ashamed, I’m sorry and I’m guilty but I did it†¦If you go to war, those are the types of things that happen and can h appen to anyone†¦It can happen, it happens, that is what war is†¦War is war, it’s killing all type of ways. [18] When a dishonor was done to them, when dishonor is all around them, dishonor is what they begin to do too. Today the dishonors of war range from obedience to a terrible leader, to dehumanizing the enemy so inhumane actions suddenly seem right. In the case of the My Lai Massacre, many soldiers involved to this day claim that they were just following orders and that their loyal obedience overtook their moral compasses. One soldier noted, â€Å"At no time it ever crossed my mind to disobey or to refuse to carry out an order that was issued by my superiors.I shudder to think what the repercussions would have been†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [19] The soldiers were fighting in a perceived honor and loyalty to the United States. The need to please and obey took the pressure off of their actions, because someone else was dictating them. In other instances, soldiers would dehu manize their enemy to get through the idea of killing them. Cicero notes that this is entirely wrong according to natural law: â€Å"Perhaps we should examine more thoroughly what are the natural principles of human fellowship and community.First it is something that is seen in the fellowship of the entire human race. For its bonding consists of reason and speech, which reconcile men to one another, through teaching, learning, communicating, debating, and making judgments, and unite them in a kind of natural fellowship. It is this that most distances us from the nature of other animals. To them we often impute courage, as with horses or lions, but we do not impute them justice, fairness or goodness. For they have no share in reason and speech. † [20] Cicero states that since we are all of peech and reason, we are all human. However, dehumanization, where one dehumanizes their enemy and views them as some sort of animal, is a common strategy and conflict in today’s wars . The Holocaust, the Bosnian and Rwandan genocide are all examples of dehumanization. The Nazi soldiers truly believed that they were ridding their country of â€Å"vermin†, and the Hutu soldiers considered the Tutsi people to be â€Å"cockroaches†. Similarly, soldiers fighting in the Vietnam War referred to their enemies as animals, less than human and the massacre is a clear example of that.Perhaps the rules have changed since wars progressed through time. Today’s atrocities don’t seem as atrocious to us as they would to Plato, Aristotle and Cicero because we have become accustomed to them, as they were accustomed to having a culture of war. Peter Olsthoorn stated in his book â€Å"Just Warriors† â€Å"Soldiers, although far from selfish, cannot be expected to perform their duties from a sense of duty alone. Both inside and outside the sphere of war, only the perfectly wise act virtuously for virtue’s sake.However those perfectly wise are rare, Cicero himself claimed that he had never met such a person†¦For the not so wise, that is, most of us, a little help from the outside, consisting of the judgments of our peers and our concern for our reputation, can be of help. †[21] Looking back on the massacre, many men are quick to point out the outside factors that effected their behavior such as their loyalty, fear, confusion, lack of direction, even a blank blackout. One man notes, â€Å"We felt what we were doing was right, and after it was over we knew it was wrong. [22] These soldiers eventually are able to reflect. However at the time, they were worried for themselves, acting out of vengeance and self interest, therefore were not leading an honorable life. Officer Thompson exhibited true courage of a just warrior. He saw that the bodies consisted of mostly babies, children, women and the elderly, without a threatening combatant or weapon in sight. After several failed radio transmissions, he ordered his m en to land on sight and aim their guns at their fellow American soldiers.He ordered that they would hold their positions against their bothers until they had agreed to a cease-fire and stopped the massacre. While doing this he walked out unarmed, entered a ditch and rescued a woman and her child. Officer Thompson knew what he was getting himself into. He recognized that his loyalty to his fellow Americans was the wrong kind of loyalty. He pushed past fear and fought for a noble cause, to save the people. He did not shoot anyone down to do it, but was prepared to do so to end an injustice. Thompson used honorable means to obtain an honorable end.He illustrated every of the five points Aristotle noted a â€Å"just warrior† should be. He was courageous but not reckless, and he proved that in an unjust war, in and unjust setting, justice still prevails. Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero believe that a warrior’s honor is the ability to exercise restraint under chaotic and emotio nally taxing experiences. It is not simply standing firm in battle or committing acts of heroic bravery. It is recognizing the differences between combatant and noncombatant, between the innocent and the guilty and acting with reason when reason is hard to find.Today, it is about escaping the dishonor. War is about entering with the right reasons and leaving with the correct ends. War can make an honorable man, a dishonorable one and the three philosophers explain that real courage, is tackling war itself and not falling victim to the demons. If they had been alive at the time their general philosophy would have stood, the advancing atrocities just would have made it that much harder and much more honorable to be a real, true â€Å"just warrior†. Bibliography: Reichberg, Gregory M. Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby, eds. The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Blackwell, 2006. Print. Baker, Deane-Peter. Just Warriors, Inc. London: Continuum International Publishing G roup, 2011. Unknown. â€Å"The My Lai Massacre. † PBS. PBS, 29 Mar. 2009. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. . Wikipedia. org YmBigBen90 (User’s ID). â€Å"My Lai Massacre – Part One of Two. † YouTube. YouTube, 16 May 2009. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. ———————– [1] Reichberg, Gregory M. , Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby, eds. The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings.Blackwell, 2006. Print. [2] Ibid. [3] [4] Reichberg, Gregory M. , Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby, eds. The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Blackwell, 2006. Print. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Ibid. [10] Reichberg, Gregory M. , Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby, eds. The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Blackwell, 2006. Print. [11] Ibid. [12] Ibid. [13] Ibid. [14] Wikipedia. org [15] Unknown. â€Å"The My Lai Massacre. † PBS. PBS, 29 Mar. 2009. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. . [16] Unknown. â€Å"The My Lai Massacre. PBS. PBS, 29 Mar. 2009. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. . [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Unknown. â€Å"The My Lai Massacre. † PBS. PBS, 29 Mar. 2009. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. . [20] Ibid. [21] Reichberg, Gregory M. , Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby, eds. The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Blackwell, 2006. Print. [22] Baker, Deane-Peter. Just Warriors, Inc. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011. [23] YmBigBen90 (User’s ID). â€Å"My Lai Massacre – Part One of Two. † YouTube. YouTube, 16 May 2009. Web. 02 Oct. 2012.