American Schools Are Not Providing A Quality Education

It is a fact that global society is becoming increasingly competitive. There is great concern that American schools are not providing a quality education. The widespread concern is fueled in part by international comparisons of student achievement. These same studies also indicate that American students spend less time in school compared to other countries. â€Å"Out of 20 nations, the U.S. average school year of 180 days was one of the shortest, and Japan s with 243 days was the longest† (Cite). Overall, American students do not perform as well academically as those from other countries around the globe. Business and civic leaders argue that the short school days and short school year in the United States will leave us lagging behind other industrialized nations of the world. So, is it possible that there is a correlation between the length of the school day and the children’s academic development in elementary school? Is â€Å"more† better when it comes to time in education? The question of how much time to require in education has been visited periodically. However, the basic school calendar has remained largely unchanged since the 19th century (Cite). The present school system came into existence in a time when most of the population lived in rural areas. Also, farming was one of the major industries of the United States. Oftentimes, the responsibilities that went with operating farms, including planting and harvesting, fell to the children of the family. Also, inShow MoreRelatedChecklist for Effective Reading Instruction1685 Words   |  7 Pages Equality of Educational Opportunities in the United States Education has an immense impact on the human society. The quality of human resource of a nation is easily judged by the number of literate population living in it. This is to say that education is a must if a nation aspires to achieve growth and development and more importantly sustain it. In today’s world, the role of education has become even more vital. It is an absolute necessity for economic and social developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of James Coleman s Article On Equality Of Educational Opportunity1517 Words   |  7 Pagesover 600,000 students and teachers across the U.S. in more than 3,000 schools. The results of this study suggested that academic achievement was more related to the student’s sense of control, the verbal skills of teachers, and the students background than being related to the quality of a student’s school. The results of this study informed people on how to shape desegregation policies and equalize racial issues in public schools across th e U.S. As mentioned, Coleman discusses how the idea of â€Å"equalityRead MoreCommon Core State Standards Initiative848 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Core: To Be or Not to Be Politics and education have been intertwined since the establishment of public education in the United States. In other words, it is a well-known fact that public education is an extension of our political system. This has never been more apparent to the public than over the last three decades, beginning in 1983 with â€Å"A Nation at Risk† which is considered a significant event in modern American educational history. For the last few years, it has been the controversialRead MoreThe Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthan the jobs of the past. The California Department of Education and the California State Board of Education are pleased to present the California Career Technical Education Framework for California Public Schools, Grades Seven through Twelve. The California Career Technical Education Model Curriculum Standards, Grades Seven Through Twelve, adopted by the State Board of Education (SBE) in 2005, was designed to hel p achieve that goal by providing educators with rigorous, balanced standards reflectingRead MoreThe Increase College Tuition Rates936 Words   |  4 PagesCollege is an institution or establishment that provides higher education or specialized professional and vocational training. College students in the United States are blest with several opportunities to help further their college carrier at least beyond as associate degree, alas children in developing countries such as Cameroon faces an uphill battle to earn a college degree due to high tuition, poor transportation low technology and inflexible college schedules. The increase college tuition ratesRead MoreThe Education Of The Human Society990 Words   |  4 Pages Horace Mann has ever said â€Å"education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, - the balance-wheel of the social machinery.† The education of the human society is a wheel directs and turns the civilization to higher stage. As for Millennial Generation, they are growing up after terrific world wars and a series of global issues. Therefore, the quality education for these young could be the priority. Namely, all the mankind, especially forRead MoreTitle Viii Nursing Workforce Development1537 Words   |  7 Pagesin need of a strong nursing workforce that can provide quality care. The present nursing shortage is only predicted to worsen as the baby boomers retire and health care needs expand. 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You would think that more people would be concerned with this infringement uponRead MoreThe Importance Of Education In Education754 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired by law that all children must go to school. Under this law, it follows that children should receive equal treatment in their education. Edu cation is a vital aspect of children’s lives to educate and provide a good foundation for their life. However, not all public schools are equal. This was demonstrated in the segregated schools where African American students received a lesser quality of education compared to their white peers. The fight for education equality continues; the inequality is seenRead MoreThe United States Deteriorating Education System Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesto reform, there is no question that the United States education system is falling behind the education systems of other developed nations. The Programme for International Student Assessment, also known as PISA, is an international organization which measures performance of high school students throughout the world (United States, Highlights from PISA iii), and the results of its most recent series of examinations have shown that high school students in the United States are desperately trailing

Who s Really Blind - 868 Words

Who’s Really Blind? In the tragic story â€Å"Oedipus the King†, Sophocles emphasizes on the idea of sight and blindness. Sight or blindness can have more than just physical characteristics; a person can have mental insight or can ensue blindness in a situation. The blindness issue remains an effective contrasting method for Oedipus at many points in the drama. It breaks down into two components: Oedipus s ability to physically see and his willingness to see the truth in what has transpired. Even people who have 20/20 vision, can still remain blind to the truth, facts, and the complete understanding of any situation. Within his writings, Sophocles frequently address the ideas of sight and blindness, using them as metaphors for insight and knowledge. This will be the focal point of this essay. Sophocles uses blindness as a metaphor for Oedipus’ ignorance in the matter of his origin. The tragic hero Oedipus, blind to the veracity of his fate he sought to avoid, came about without his knowledge. Not long after Oedipus’ birth, his ankles were pinned together and taken away from his home of Thebes left to die on a barren mountain. An oracle expresses to his father, King Liaos, that his doom would be at the hands of his own son(188). Acting as his biological family, the royals of Corinth cuckolds Oedipus in order to raise him without strafe. In this instance, Oedipus’ ignorance and the deception put on by his parents’ supports his own afflictions. Later in life, OedipusShow MoreRelated Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesof the husband, who is also the narrator, in his short story Cathedral. From the beginning of the story the narrator has a negative personality. He lacks compassion, has a narrow mind, is detached emotionally from others, and is jealous of his wifes friendship with a blind man named Robert. He never connects with anyone emotionally until the end of this story. At the beginning of the story the husband is telling of a blind man coming to visit him and his wife. The narrator?s wife had workedRead MoreMiddle Childhood Phase Of My Life875 Words   |  4 Pages As Helen got older, her life obstacles she surpassed were being noticed by others and started to inspire others. She has reached that stage in life where she wanted to be more independent. At this age she started to write in her own and really just started to write papers. The first paper was assumed to be plagiarized. I have to say that this young lady fulfilled some big shoes shoes that I don t know if I could have filled. The middle childhood stages last for a few years from about sixRead MorePrejudice Essay : Cathedral 1308 Words   |  6 PagesSamantha Langert Professor Jereb English G110 18 September 2017 Prejudices in Cathedral Prejudice comes in all forms; whether it is due to someone s skin color, religion, or disability, fear of someone who is different than what you view as normal is apparent all around us. Miriam Webster defines Prejudice as â€Å"injury or damage resulting from some judgment or action of another in disregard to one’s rights†. Although most people tend to associate prejudice with racism, that is not always theRead MoreComparison Between Cathedral And The Way Of A Another Woman895 Words   |  4 Pagesfirstly, the point of view is the also the main character, Charlene. Charlene is considered a mistress due to the fact that she is having sexual relations with a married man. 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Through the narrators changing character, theme of loneliness and jealousy, and the cathedral being a symbol at the end of the story, this brings together a powerful message in the story when one blind man and one man with sight shareRead MoreRaymond Carver Cathedral Analysis985 Words   |  4 Pagesprotagonist who is about to meet an old friend of his wife’s. The friend’s name is Robert and he is blind. In the beginning of the story, the narrator is uncomfortable with the idea of having someone with a disability, like Robert’s, in his home. He makes judgments about Robert and assumes that he is going to be like the blind people he has seen in the movies. We also learn the background information about how hife wife and Robert met and became friends. This story is a metaphor for not making blind judgementsRead MoreCathedral (by Raymond Carver)1131 Words   |  5 PagesLesson for the Ages Raymond Carver s short story, Cathedral, portrays a story in which many in today s society can relate. 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If your daughter appears to have low self-esteem take steps to help build her self-esteem so that she will feel better about herself. Insecurity about

Review of Archival Auditing Research †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Review of Archival Auditing Research. Answer: Introduction: If under the audit procedure any expertise in the field other than auditing or accounting is required for obtaining sufficient and appropriate evidence of audit, the auditor shall determine whether to use the service of an expert or not. However, the auditor must evaluate whether the expert ahs the required competence, objectivity and capabilities for the purpose of audit. In case of the external expert, the objectivity evaluation shall involve the inquiry with regard to the interests and the relationship that may generate the threat to the objectivity of the expert (Kanatov, Atymtayeva and Yagaliyeva 2014). Further, the auditor must obtain the sufficient understanding of field of the expertise for the expert of the auditor for enabling the auditor to evaluate adequacy of the work for the purpose of the audit and to determine the scope, nature and objective of the experts work for the purpose of audit. Looking into the case study of DIPL, it has been identified that regarding the inventory and purchase the obsolescence of the inventory is existed from the last year for covering the projected decline with regard to the value from the impact of the storage hazards. Therefore, to estimate the value of the obsolescence, the auditor shall obtain the services of the expert for measuring the valuation of the inventory obsolescence. Further, the depreciation on the fixed asset of DIPL is calculated on the straight line method (Tanyi and Smith 2014). Therefore, to measure the depreciation and impairment, the service of an expert is required in case of DIPL. By evaluating the case and circumstances of DIPL, the need for employment of service of a proficient assessor is essential for the following mentioned issues: Issues encountered by the firm DIPL Expert necessity whilst undertaking auditing Inventory obsolescence As rightly indicated by Kanatov et al., (2014), the existence of allowance for particularly inventory obsolescence mainly for the purpose of enveloping an approximated decrease in value is owing to storage vulnerability. Additionally, evaluation of the case study on the operations of the firm DIPL replicate that there exists an incidence of allowance for obsolescence of particularly inventory. As such, this is primarily due to storage exposure exerts impact and this in turn led to expected reduction in value that is covered. Analysis of case also reveals that disbursements for inventory are carried out at pertinent currency of nation. Again, board illustrated that allowance for obsolescence of inventory has the need to be written back. As a result, the firm DIPL has the need for expert service for the purpose of estimating obsolescence value. Depreciation of fixed assets The process of utilizing straight line method was mostly for the allotment of cost over approximate economic lives of specific assets (Rkaur, Rani and Garg 2016). As such in this context, for the purpose of enumeration of assets impairment together with depreciation, expert service can be used by the corporation DIPL whilst undertaking auditing. For avoiding issues related to proper monitoring of the work Expertise other than auditor or accountant includes the expertise with regard to the matter related to Estimation of the gas and oil reserves services Valuation of the environmental liabilities and the clean-up costs of the sites. Analysis of unusual tax or complex compliance issues Valuation of the complicated financial instruments, plant and machinery, antiques, works of art, acquired assets and the liabilities under the combination of business, impaired assets and intangible assets Actuarial calculation of the liabilities that are associated with the insurance contracts or the benefit plans of the employees Identification of five factors that can influence the preliminary figures for overall materiality Materiality refers to certain facets, either individually or else in aggregate can be considered to be significant are important for particularly fair presentation of financial assertions in compliance with relevant standards. Analysis of the case study on the operations of DIPL can help in identification of five different factors that can affect the preliminary figures for overall materiality. The misstatements whose impact singly or on the whole are significant enough to affect fair presentation in material respects (William Jr et al. 2016). Again, the misstatements can essentially result from errors or else fraud. In this case, errors indicate towards unintentional misstatements else wise omissions of certain amounts and disclosures in financial assertions. The recognition of five factors and their impact on ascertainment of initial figures on the materiality of process of audit of the corporation DIPL are hereby tabulated below: Factors Reasons behind relevance of the identified factors Description of the way the identified factors can influence the preliminary figures for overall materiality in the entire audit planning procedure Fraud Risk affecting materiality Fraud risk can be considered to be an important factor that can adversely affect the materiality. As per the given study, it can be hereby mentioned that there exists extreme pressure from particularly the board of the firm DIPL, due to which the entire IT division of the firm somehow managed to install a novel system of accounting. Essentially, this process also exposed the company DIPL to risks of fraud as well as materiality (Hayes et al. 2014). Glover et al. (2016) asserts that mistakes occur in the process of gathering else wise processing data from which financial assertions are prepared. Unreasonable accounting approximations also arise from oversight and misinterpretation of diverse facts. Again, fraud can be considered to be a wide concept associated to fraudulent actions that again cause misstatements of financial assertions. The assessors comprehension regarding the internal control of a firm might heighten else wise mitigate the concern regarding the risk of material misstatement. The fraudulent actions owing to huge pressure on employees and process of implementation of new system of accounting have ability to affect the overall financial information (Glover et al. 2016). Thus, the same is said to affect the financial statements and assertions and thereby is said to be relevant from the standpoint of materiality. The manager in the IT department was also not contented with the process of installation of firms machines. In addition to this, huge pressure was also put on members of the staff of the corporation for reconciling and examining the new system appropriately. However, the outcomes of the test reflected the fact that few business transactions that were undertaken during the ending of the end were not suitably allocated during the period (William Jr et al. 2016). Accounting policies affecting materiality In addition to this, the valuation process of diverse raw materials founded on average cost mechanism was necessarily not appropriate. Based on the analysis of the case study, it can be hereby mentioned that inventory valuation process of the raw material particularly at the average cots was not suitable since the present cost of paper considerably enhanced from the currently applied method of average cost (DeFond and Zhang 2014). The accounting procedures that are utilized by the management of DIPL for valuation of raw materials is said to be a relevant factor affecting the materiality. This is because the accounting procedure helps in evaluation of raw materials and thereby helps users to understand the proper state of financial items (Knechel and Salterio 2016). The management of DIPL essentially lack the overall necessity under both integrity as well as objectivity. This in turn can have an effect on the company status in the long term. Also, mistakes also occur in the process of application of specific accounting principles related to amount, classification, way of presentation and disclosures. Additionally, misrepresentation of financial assertions also poses inherent risk as this misrepresent the financial information to specific users of the financial assertions such as the stakeholders, creditors, potential financiers as well as debtors (Acito et al. 2015). Inventory valuation process of the raw material particularly at the average cots was not suitable. The inappropriate suppositions else wise methods of valuation influence the substantive procedures of accounting methods (Hayes et al. 2014). This might affect the evidence of the auditor along with the audit strategy decisions. Environmental factors affecting materiality: Again, there was several business transactions that were not considered at the time of preparation of the financial statements wither purposely or else by fault by the management of the firm DIPL. This necessarily led to inconsistencies in the process of efficient planning with regard to process of marketing and sales action. The company also failed to attain target profit level in comparison to the sales. It is mainly owing to failure on the part of the administration of DIPL as regards recognition of particular items and subsequent of consequent necessities (Arens et al. 2016). Based on the analysis of the case study, it can also be hereby mentioned that the firm failed to analyse different micro as well as macro objectives that essentially should have been taken into account under socio-political and economic factors. Inability to incorporate the environmental factors by the management can be considered to be a pertinent factor affecting materiality. This is so because it negates the effect of the same on the financial results and therefore the audit opinion. Inability of the management to take into account different micro as well as macro factors and omission of certain financial transactions also lead to misrepresentation in the financial statements. The users of the information fail to acquire a fair presentation of assertions that in turn can affect the process of planning and undertaking the audit, analysing the impact of detected misstatements (Arens et al. 2016). Materiality affected by the complications of the process of appointment of CEO The appointment of the CEO in the business concern DIPL can be considered to be very difficult and intricate (Knechel and Salterio 2016). In general, the process of appointment of the CEO, procedure of transition for the prior CEO named Ms Rebecca Styles and commencement actions undertaken by Mr. William Jackson involved various risks since the specified procedure were not in conformation with the requisite stratagems. Essentially, the procedures were started late and the improper engagement by the CEO in the processes and leaving of the members of the staff might also expose the corporation to various risks. Thus, this in turn can affect the overall materiality of audit process of the firm DIPL. The intricacy of the process of appointment of the CEO in the business concern DIPL also affects the overall transparency and obscures the vision of then decision makers. This too thereby can be regarded to be a relevant factor affecting materiality. The appointment of the CEO in DIPL can be regarded to be very intricate. There needs to be an official, thorough and transparentprocedurefor theappointment. Factors related to new system of registering accounts Yet another factor that can affect the overall materiality is the process of maintenance of records of cash receipts by the firms cashiers. In general, majority of the disbursements carried out by DIPL are accepted by means of the electronic payment system. The process of registering and maintaining the copy of receipt after downloading the same from the mail and carrying out reconciliation of the total batch can be prepared by the assistant accountant (Louwers et al. 2015). The reconciliation pronouncement prepared by the accountant need to be prepared more regularly and need not be done at the closing of the month. Moreover, the revenue generated by DIPL by means of marketing of e-book, reprinting of text books might adversely affect materiality. The substantial facets affecting materiality is essentially the procedure of accounting that can be utilized by the corporation DIPL for approximating as well as recording accounting items namely raw materials. Analytical evaluation of raw materials gets support from processes of accounting and this subsequently aids in understanding appropriate use. Disbursements carried through electronic payment system affects the process of maintaining receipt details and presenting reconciliation statement. The inability of business concern to register the cash receipts and reconciling the same can lead to failure of the management to understand importance of a specific amount, business transaction and variances. This in turn can affect the process of presentation of financial statements (DeFond and Zhang 2014). Thus, the auditor might hereby fail to express a specific opinion as regards financial statements specifically in all material aspects. References Acito, A., Hogan, C. and Imdieke, A., 2015.Integrated Auditing Standards and Financial Reporting Quality. Working paper, Michigan State University. Arens, A., Elder, R. and Beasley, M., 2014. Auditing and assurance services-An integrated approach; includes coverage of international standards and global auditing issues, in addition to coverage of.Boston: Aufl. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E., 2016.Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F. and Messier, W.F., 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach 10th. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Hellman, N., 2016. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,27, pp.13-25. Kanatov, M., Atymtayeva, L. and Yagaliyeva, B., 2014, December. Expert systems for information security management and audit. Implementation phase issues. InSoft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS), 2014 Joint 7th International Conference on and Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS), 15th International Symposium on(pp. 896-900). IEEE. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis.

Taj People Philosophy and Star System free essay sample

Customers are considered to be king of every business enterprise and loyal customers are the backbone of their business. So customer satisfaction is the primary motive of every business which can be attained through effective CRM (Customer Relationship Management) policy 1. 1 Meaning of Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM is a comprehensive strategy amp; process of acquiring amp; retaining customers to create superior value for the company as well as the customers. It consists of the processes a company uses to track and organize its contacts with its current and prospective  customers. To support these processes, various CRM Software like SAP, ORACLE Sales force. com etc. are used. These software record and store information about customers, various customer interactions, their problems etc which can be accessed by employees in different departments of the company. These information are used by the organization to make future plans that can satisfy the customer on a better way and retaining them for a longer period. We will write a custom essay sample on Taj People Philosophy and Star System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2 Goal of CRM: The goal of CRM is to provide improved services to the customers, and to use customer contact information for targeted marketing. . 3 Evaluation and growth of the CRM: CRM passes through three generations such as 1st generation in 1990, 2nd generation in 1996 and the 3rd generation in 2002. In 1st generation following systems were applied for CRM:- * Call centre management- It is a web based CRM technology, the enables users browsing a company’s web site to leave a phone number where company representative can call back with more information. * Customer service support- It is a part of a company’s CRM department that interacts with a customer for their immediate benefits. * Sales force automation- It is software that automates business tasks like inventory control, sales processing, customer interaction, etc-. * Campaign management- It is a planning, executing, tracking and analyzing of direct marketing campaigns. In 2nd generation following improved systems were used for CRM:- * Integrated customer facing front end- It is face to face interaction between the customers and sales man. This system is used for marketing, sales and services. * ERP integrations- ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. It is a business management system that integrates all functions of the business. Customers analytics- It comprises all the programming that analyzes data about an enterprise’s customers for business decision. * Complete web integration- It allows end users to have access the data function of a serve hosted application through internet browser window. In 3rd generation the strategic CRM was followed and is continuing- Strategic CRM updates and expands the original content and combines into one, convenient value that guides users through the entire CRM implementation process, from strategic planning software. Scope and goals of different generations:- There is successful increment in the scope of CRM from 1st generation to 3rd generation. In 1st generation the scope consists of service function and sales function, in 2nd generation it includes another function i. e. marketing function and in 3rd generation it includes entire function of the organization. Goals of the CRM have also changed with better customer service from 1st generation to 3rd generation. In 1st generation the goals were mprove service operation and increase sales efficiency, in 2nd generation reduce cost of interaction, improve customer experiences, and increasing the customer interaction; in 3rd generation cost reduction amp; revenue growth and competitive advantages. 1. 4 Options for Implementing CRM: Increasing customer is not the ultimate objective of any organization but to retain customer and t build long term relationship with them is important. It is only through CRM that a prospect can be turn into customer and then finally into a client. But to achieve these any organization require proper implementation. But at the same time CRM implementation is a challenging task because it ties together many people, process, technologies within the organization which are separate from each other. 1) IN HOUSE DEVELOPMENT- This means all the strategies, processes are developed and implemented within the organization. Advantage- 1. It is tailored made according to organization needs and structure thus is flexible as compared to others. 2. Avoid dependency on others be it software or outsourcing. Disadvantage 1. It is at the same time expensive 2. And comparatively takes longer time depending on the organisation. ) BUY LICENSED CRM SOFTWARE- This is purchasing software and implementing in organization. Advantage- 1. Usually the maximum chance of success. 2. It just need to install and trained the workforce accordingly. Disadvantage- 1. Again it is expensive because of many costs as license cost, renewal cost etc. associated with it. 2. Adding new software with change is a complex task. 3) OUTSOURCING A MANAGED SERVICE- This means hiring from outside. Advantage- 1. Most of the times lower cost. 2. Can adopt â€Å"pay- as- you go† approach with visible result. Disadvantage- 1. For any new requirement needs to contact the company and pay for the development. . Also there is a risk of losing CRM solution investment if outsourcing company goes out of business STAGEWISE- In this CRM software is offered in different, independent modules, according to specific department needs. Company buys sales automation software and contact management module from different providers. ENTERPRISE WISE CRM SOLUTION- This is composed of different modules from same providers; it is implemented as a whole by connecting different modules and existing database. 1. 5 VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CRM CRM includes many aspects which relate directly to one another: * Front office operations — Direct interaction with customers, e. . face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mail, online services etc. * Back offi ce operations — Operations that ultimately affect the activities of the front office (e. g. ,  billing,  maintenance, planning, marketing,  advertising,  finance,  manufacturing etc. ) CHAPTER2 INTRODUCTION CRM @ BIG BAZAAR * Database is formed through the issue of future card and card is of three types silver card, gold card and sakthi card. Sakthi card is issued to ladies and this card provides, free sugar(1 kg) per month. * Customer profitability analysis (CPA) is done on the basis of transactions made through the future cards. Platinum customers (most profitable). * Gold customers (profitable). * Iron customers (low profitability but desirable). * Lead customers (unprofitable and undesirable). * Differentiate customers in terms of: (1) their needs and (2) their value to company. * Interact with individual customers to improve the knowledge about individual needs and to build stronger relationships. * There are four type of analysis done for analysis of CRM * * P eriodic Surveys: It’s done on quarterly, its an overall survey done by the future group authorities and CRM is a part of it. * Customer Loss Rate : Mystery Shoppers: They pose as normal customers perform specific tasks—such as purchasing a product, asking questions, registering complaints or behaving in a certain way – and then provide detailed reports or feedback  about their experiences * Monitor Competitive Performance * Complaint Handling Procedures: 0 Screening And Logging The type of product or service; manufacturer/brand name; model name/number; date of purchase/contract; warranty expiration date; salesperson; cost of product/service; date problem occurred; and a description of the problem is listed. This allows organization to exercise control, and assure proper follow-through. 1 Investigating customers explanation of a problem provides much information. Nevertheless, to assure they have all the information needed for a thorough review of the facts involved, by: * Researching in-house records on the customer; * Requesting receipts, or other records; * Inspecting the product, or service performed; and * Following-up with the customer for any necessary additional information. 2 Acknowledging When Big Bazaar cannot resolve an issue immediately, it is important to let customer know that the matter is receiving attention. Customer is given information about how long it will take to complete action on the complaint. If there is further delay, it’s made sure to advise customer why and when Big Bazaar expects to have an answer. 3 Formulating A Solution solution is made to be consistent with established customer relations policy and important criteria are taken into account: * Contractual and/or warranty obligations; * The customers expectations; * expectations of the customer; * The cost/benefit of alternative solutions; The probability and cost of customer seeking redress in some other way; * The comprehensiveness and fairness of solution; * ability to perform the solution; and * What to do if the customer rejects solution. 4 Responding The response is made clear and appropriate. The customer must understand the response, and the response must address the issues raised in the customers original complaint. An explanation of decision preserves the goodwill of customer, even if the decision itself is adverse. 5 Following-Up – Customer is contacted following response to verify whether or not the matter has been resolved satisfactorily. If customer is unhappy with response, organization refers the matter to a third party dispute resolution mechanism for assistance. * Steps Involved in customer Satisfaction through Service: * Seeing problems from the customer’s perspective * Managing customers moments of truth * Communicating effectively through better listening * Analyzing how customer perceptions are formed * Managing anger and other service behaviors * Dealing with long-term consequences of service breakdowns * Negotiating solutions * Generating an action plan for improved on-the-job effectiveness CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION: Future group maintains its records of customers by observing their purchasing habits amp; categories them into various groups like high revenue, moderate revenue amp; low revenue customers. They communicate to the customers through various medium like SMS,E-mail, Mobile vans, Print media etc. This is the way to built a strong presence in the existing customers amp; prospective customers. Presently they are using oracle software to maintain database. Recently they have tied up with California based firm GREENPLUM to provide new software for data warehousing. The company boasts strong share of its profits from top line customers who provide them around 70% of their revenues in total. The company can said to be going on the famous management principle i. e. 80/20 PRINCIPLE which says that 20 percent of variables cause 80% effect. In big bazaar it can be related to the fact that 20% of its top line customers provide 80% of its revenues in a year. This is the reason why the retail giant is focusing strongly on customer retention in order to boasts its sales numbers substantially. CUSTOMER GRATIFICATION is an important element of a sales process. Every company should survey their customers in order to find out the satisfaction level among the consumers. Big bazaar also conducts periodic surveys in order to ascertain the satisfaction level in their consumers. Various activities are done in order to enhance the shopping experience among buyers amp; various offers, discount coupons; exchange offers are initiated by the firm in order to develop a good satisfaction level in their existing customers. Special coupons are given to customers who can be redeemed by the costumers in their future purchases from the store. CUSTOMER PERCIEVED VALUE (CPV) is calculated by the retail store in order to asses the costs and benefits received amp; given to the buyers. The following are some key features of CPV 1. CPV is the difference between the prospective customer’s evaluation of all the benefits and all the costs of an offering and the perceived alternative. 2. Total customer value is the perceived monetary value of the bundle of economic, functional amp; psychological benefits customers expect from a given market offering. 3. Total customer cost is the bundle of costs customers expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining, using, disposing of the given market offering, including monetary, time, energy amp; psychic costs. LOOPHOLES: The retail store has also various loopholes especially here at ranchi. The major drawback which was found out initially was lack of proper parking place but now it has been corrected to some extent. Secondly the store is very slow in execution of online orders which is given through company web portal â€Å"FUTURE BAZAAR†. To quote a few examples of late delivery Mr. David Kerketta,a resident of lalpur-peace road purchased a furniture for Rs 37000,the date of scheduled delivery was 15th of November,2008 but he received his order 37 days late. One more incident of such late delivery is MR Pradeep Kumar, a resident of Upper Bazaar who purchased a dining table for Rs. 15000,but as usual he got his final delivery a whopping 65 days late than the scheduled date of delivery. So these incidents speak a lot of inefficient delivery. The other drawbacks are inefficient billi. ng counters as they are not updated with the current offers and schemes. Also the billing counters remains unmanned that add to the problem of customers who needs to stand in long queue in order to get their purchases billed. The other problem is related to the slow processing of applications of membership cards like Shakti card, future cards etc. It takes around 30 days minimum to become a member of future card schemes. This is very slowly considering the industry average of 15-20 days to process a card. Finally the contact numbers of customers are open to the telemarketing personnel as they get the database from the future group through some sources or the other. CHAPTER- 3 Comparision of Big Bazaar and Reliance Mart CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION * Transformation by integrating customer facing front-end with back-end systems and partners and suppliers. This will effectively help in generating better filtered data source from feedbacks received. Also the feedbacks will be dealt with in a much more careful and professional way. * Growth of CRM facilitated by growth of IT. In this age of Information Technology an effective IT planning on the CRM can help the organization earn a lot of repute. * New database solutions. This will help to filter and clean the raw data received from feedbacks more efficiently. * Mutual benefit through CRM. The stores and their customers can mutually benefit through the application of CRM. So at this â€Å"era of customers†, the companies should project themselves as customer oriented as possible to help them benefit in a long term survival plan. * Effective segmentation of customers. With more and better quality of data, this can be done very easily. * Enhancing the shopping solutions. This is the age of innovation. Especially in Indian markets, low cost innovation is the ultimate tool to win the battle for the companies. Thus, the companies need to be innovative with their ideas and always try to deliver the customer with some added value for their purchase. RECOMMENDATIONS Many CRM project failures are also related to data quality and  availability. Data cleaning is a major issue. If a companys CRM strategy is to track life-cycle revenues, costs, margins, and interactions between individual customers, this must be reflected in all business processes. Data must be extracted from multiple sources (e. . , departmental/divisional databases such as sales, manufacturing, supply chain, logistics, finance, service etc. ), which requires an integrated, comprehensive system in place with well-defined structures and high data quality. Data from other systems can be transferred to CRM systems using appropriate interfaces. Because of the company-wide size and scope of many CRM implementations, significan t pre-planning is essential for smooth roll-out. This pre-planning involves a technical evaluation of the data available and the technology employed in existing systems. This evaluation is critical to determine the level of effort needed to integrate this data. Equally critical is the human aspect of the implementation. A successful implementation requires an understanding of the expectations and needs of the stakeholders involved. An executive sponsor should also be obtained to provide high-level management representation of the CRM project. An effective tool for identifying technical and human factors before beginning a CRM project is a pre-implementation checklist. A checklist can help ensure any potential problems are identified early in the process.

Are humans still evolving essays

Are humans still evolving essays In order to figure out if humans are still evolving scientists have to ask, do humans have variety in their gene pool, and is there a differential fitness to these variants? Everybody, whether or not they believe humans are still evolving, agree that we have variety. Between genetic drift and when Eyre-Walker and Keightley claimed in 1999 that humans, on average, had 4.2 amino acid altering mutations every generation since humans separated from chimpanzees it is unreasonable to claim that we dont have variety between humans. People who dont believe humans are still evolving are basing their theory on selective pressure. They believe with all the modern technology, medicine, food distribution, heating and cooling, etc, there are no longer any selective pressures in our lives to separate the fit from the unfit. They believe that the capabilities within our modern society and speed with which our culture adapts to change has completely overruled the process of natural selection and ther efore stopped natural selection. However, there are several problems with these claims that could prove these people wrong. These problems are placed into 4 different classes of error including: 1. Misunderstanding the nature and power of natural selection, 2. Forgetting other forms of selection, such as sexual selection, 3. Assumptions about the entire world from the specific first world lifestyles of the very people claiming this, and 4. Mistakenly taking the term current evolution to mean that evolution must happen before our eyes. The first class comes from the assumption that selection only works on the more obvious visible traits and little else. We perceive certain things as good attributes (sharp teeth, strong muscles, speed, and intelligence) and others as bad attributes (obesity, skin prone to sunburn, and uncoordination) and we decide that anything t ...

Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech

Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech By Mark Nichol Locution, meaning â€Å"style of speech† (in the sense of the art of speaking), stems from the Latin word loqui, meaning â€Å"to speak.† Here are the other words in English based on the Latin term, and their meanings. A colloquy (literally, â€Å"speaking together†) is a conversation or a conference; the related term colloquium refers to a formal meeting consisting of one or more addresses by experts followed by a question-and-answer session. Interestingly, the adjective form colloquial has the antonymic senses of â€Å"informal† and â€Å"conversational.† Words with the same root form include soliloquy (literally, â€Å"speaking alone†), the word for a monologue in a play in which a character shares his or her thoughts, as well as obloquy, which can mean â€Å"harsh criticism† or can refer to the condition of being criticized or discredited. Meanwhile, ventriloquy, a variation of ventriloquism (literally, â€Å"speaking from the stomach†), denotes the practice of deceiving an audience for entertainment by speaking in such a way that the audience believes the voice is coming from another source, usually a puppet manipulated by the ventriloquist to appear to be talking. (A more obscure meaning is â€Å"expressing oneself through another,† especially as a writer does by having a fictional character represent his or her attitudes or beliefs.) Grandiloquence (literally, â€Å"large speaking†) is a familiar term for a bombastic or pompous form of speaking, but a less well-known synonym is magniloquence (literally, â€Å"great speaking†), and vaniloquence (literally, â€Å"vain speaking†), which refers to foolish talk, is related in both formation and meaning. Somniloquence (literally, â€Å"sleep talking†), however, is a neutral word meaning â€Å"talking in one’s sleep.† The difference between the meanings of eloquence and loquacity is a distinction between quality and quantity; an eloquent speaker is an effective one, but a loquacious one is merely talkative. Interlocutor might be perceived as meaning â€Å"one who interrupts,† but it simply (and neutrally) refers to a fellow participant in a conversation (interlocution literally means â€Å"speaking between†). However, circumlocution (which literally means â€Å"speaking around†) connotes a judgment: a circumlocutory person speaks evasively or verbosely. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers10 Types of Transitionsâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

The Value of Work and Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Value of Work and Money - Essay Example It is always a regular battle for people to find jobs, even to those who graduated from universities. For this reason, some are challenged to take jobs with low salaries or that are not related to their education at all. Some try to make sense of such circumstances, considering it to be a stepping stone, a way of taking some experience on work for them to eventually land the job they want, in time. The perseverance that I have seen in most Chinese makes a one who would not easily give up, no matter how difficult situations are. If John Updike considers that â€Å"one of the advantages of having been a child in the depression is that it takes very little money to gladden the heart† (Updike, 125), I, for one who was raised in a country where applying for one position in a restaurant is a competition among hundreds of applicants, consider it a joy to have a job, no matter how difficult it is. It also follows that regardless of the salary, it easily gladdens the Chinese heart for one to have a job. This probably reflects as well the Chinese upbringing of never being ashamed about small beginnings as most wealthy Chinese worked their way to where they are now through hard work, perseverance and not being choosy of the demands of work. I always considered this to be an admirable character so with the same principle, I volunteered for odd jobs in the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai. The jobs were physically demanding. At night, as I rest on my bed, I felt like my body was badly beaten during the day. Nevertheless, there was the feeling of satisfaction that boosted my value and importance. I usually congratulated myself for a job well done during the day and treat myself to a restful night for me to be able to face another day of hard work. In such times, I felt like I was a true Chinese. I was proud of myself. In addition, I worked for a few days at a Chinese restaurant. There, I learned a lot not only about work but about job. I was challenged to continue with my studies as I observed that a university education greatly helps in the success of a person. I realized that I could actually work hard, maybe in a different manner as when I am an employee at a restaurant; that I could equally be tired but would be more financially rewarded. What I mean is that, if I have a good education that will propel me to get a white collar job, I may work as hard as a waiter, tired as dog by the end of the day, but well compensated. If I have an education that will make me stand out among others, I will not be like most who are just able to work with their hands, feet and common knowledge but I will be armed with a special knowledge and skill that would give me the chance to earn better salaries. I know I can get to the point of being the one giving a tip to the restaurant employee and not the one taking it. I do not mean to minimize the value of such job and situation; I just want to have a higher value for what I do. Studying in the United States, I am cons idered to be stingy. I do not see it that way, though. I understand that the worth of every cent I spend is the value of my parents’ sweat, hard work and long nights. If Updike says, â€Å"coins were once worth their weight in silver or gold†, they are worth my parents’ dreams for me. Nowadays, money can be easily spent. There are a lot of things to buy, many malls and places to go to. Coins and paper money can easily disappear from one’s wallet. Yet, as a person raised in a family where money is spent only in meaningful and

Human Resources Planning in Mergers and Acquisitions Term Paper

Human Resources Planning in Mergers and Acquisitions - Term Paper Example This project deals with the role of the human resources in cases of merger and acquisitions. Introduction Mergers and Acquisitions lead the way for enormous growth but it is not possible without having a competent Human Resources team which plays a critical role in making or breaking the M&A. Many businesses do not consider the human resources aspect as important to the M&A strategy but research shows that the biggest problems incurred when making a M&A transition are increased attrition, poor communication, key employees giving up their job, adjustment problems to new method implemented and cultural incompatibility. Though Mergers and acquisitions aim at the growth of the organizations but in reality, these are extremely difficult corporate practices in the sense that the expected synergy is often not achieved and follows a complex and exhaustive process of strategy implementation. The reasons behind a merger may vary for different cases, so the Human Resource involved should make a good assessment of the M&A process about the objectives behind the merger. Discussion A business needs to consider the following critical factors for a successful transition after the Merger & acquisition takes place: Pre-acquisition Due Diligence Audit: The due diligence portion of an M&A comes after the purchasing company makes the formal offer of purchasing to the other company. The management from the purchasing company undertakes an assessment to evaluate the financial as well as the strategic aspects of the deal. The potential suitor company evaluates the benefit structure of the other business so that the Human resources from the purchasing company specifically assess the benefits structure of the other company to find out if there are any existing or potential issues running in the latter which may cause a loss of a significant amount for the company as an offering. These problems may be any health insurance package or any pension plan which are not properly funded, the cos t of employees’ compensation being not under control or pending employment lawsuits all of which may cause loss for the company after the merger. Every aspect of human resource should be considered to find out if the target company is compliant in their working with recruitment and manpower planning, compensation program, training and development program, Human resource information systems, Government compliance, employee relations and safety and environment issues. The due diligence should be carried out in areas of potential exposure so that action plans can be recommended when the deal is closed (Cartwright and Cooper, 212). Employee concerns: Human resource plays a vital role in the process of altering both the companies so that they can work together. This process may take a long time to be completed and adapted by all the employees of the company. When a Merger or an Acquisition takes place, the structure and working of both the organizations undergo some changes like a ltering departments, combining teams or eliminating unnecessary positions. In this process of change, the Human resource plays an important role in helping the employees adapt these changes. Human Resources communicate these changes to the employees and also clarify any queries or issues arising out of these changes (Gaughan, 9-10).They provide an avid description of the new roles and responsibilities the employee in the altered organization structure. Additionally, the HR team designs a unified process to deal with the arising human resource

Iran Country Assessment Essay Example for Free

Iran Country Assessment Essay The Islamic Republic of Iran is a country governed by a regime that began with a revolution headed by Ayatollah Khomeini over two decades ago. Khomeini was the first to label the United States as the ‘Great Satan. ’ Although the Iranian government denies it, terrorism has been actively supported, both materially and morally, for years by Iran and Iran supports efforts damaging to the U. S. If the more extreme elements in Iran continue to hold power and arm themselves with nuclear weapons, the international repercussions would be far-reaching. Understanding of Iran is important for members of the U. S. Armed Forces in order to comprehend the scope of Iran’s extremist’s leanings. On the other hand, many of Iran’s citizens love the United States and are resentful of Iran’s oppressive regime. The anti democracy and hindrance of personal liberty have taken a large toll on the Iranian youth. Iran’s younger generation has put forth a lot of resistance against this oppressive regime. Over two thirds of Iran’s population is under the age of 30, which is good from an operational standpoint. This massive amount of young people generally feels that there is hope to moderate if not remove the oppressive regime. Recently a few young Iranians have been frustrated to the point of actively demonstrating against the regime. It is also important to mention many younger Iranians want improved relations with the United States. Most urban Iranians have access to the Internet and satellite television and are able to compare their standard of living with that of the United States and Western Europe. The Kurdish people believe that they are a nation in itself that are deserving of a sovereign homeland. After the formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, many Kurdish sided with the Iranian leftist and protested against Ayatollah Khomeini and his regime. In 1979, the Kurdish formed a rebellion, which ended with thousands of Kurdish dead. Shortly after this, Khomeini centered his power and banded Kurds from serving in government office and greatly enforced freedom of expression. The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan is a militant group that is based out of Iraq but has been consistently performing operations in Iran. Iran has prepared to conduct military action against the group and has moved a large portion of Iran’s military to Kurdistan to hinder the uprising of the militant group. The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan would be a great asset to possible future operation in Kurdistan. The party is semi supportive of the United States but will most likely be more than willing to help in U. S operations in Iran due to their long-term goal of destroying the regime. Iran is a tough operational problem set due to their advanced military and technical power. Operations in Iran should be focused on using the people of Iran to include the youth and Kurdish people. Intelligence operations would be better suited for using Iran’s youth because they are more supportive of the Untied States and have the ability to work in Iran’s government and military. The Kurdish are not trusted in the government and would not be able to provide accurate intelligence. Operations should be held out of North East Iraq due to the likelihood of Iraq cooperating with the United States during operations. Iraq has a large portion of Kurdistan and it would be easy to work with the Kurds right out of Iraq. Iran and Iraq have a long history of war which only furthers Iraqs likelihood of helping the U. S. Iran is a very dynamic and technologically advanced country, which presents many intelligence issues. The help of Kurdistan, Iranian youth and Iraq would greatly increase the likelihood of operational success in Iran.

Essay on Rationality in Homer’s Odyssey -- Homer Odyssey Essays

The Importance of Rationality in Homer’s Odyssey In the epic poem, Odyssey, Homer provides examples of the consequences of impulsive and irrational thinking, and the rewards of planning and rationality. Impulsive actions prove to be very harmful to Odysseus. His decisions when he is escaping the cave of the Cyclops lead to almost all his troubles through his journey. As Odysseus flees the cave, he yells back "Cyclops - if any man on the face of the earth should ask you who blinded you, shamed you so - say Odysseus, raider of cities, he gouged out you eye." This enrages the giant, and he prays to Poseidon "grant that Odysseus, raider of cities, Laertes' son who makes his home in Ithaca, never reaches home. Or if he's fated to see his people once again, let him come home late and come a broken man - all shipmates lost, alone in a stranger's ship - and let him find a world of pain at home!" In the end, all these things the Cyclops asks come to pass. Odysseus also makes the mistake of ignoring Circe's command. Circe had said to forgo putting on fighting gear, or the monster Scylla will cause his crew harm. "But now I cleared my mind of Circe's orders - cramping my style, urging me not to arm at all. I donned my heroic armor, seized long spears in both my hands and marched out on the half-deck." Because he ignores those orders given by Circe, the six headed monster Scylla snatches six of the crewmembers and eats them alive. The impulses of Odysseus' crewmembers also impede his journey. The ship had reached the Aeolian Island, home of Aeolus the master of all winds. He gave Odysseus a bag "binding inside the winds that how from every quarter, with the power to calm them down or rouse them as he pleased... ...cates stories of his journeys for them. He even fools his son, Telemachus, for a time, all to ensure that his plans are not compromised. Eventually he reveals himself to his son, saying, "No other Odysseus will ever return to you." Odysseus carries out his plans carefully and methodically. He even has the gall to speak to his own wife, never telling her of the truth. He plans the suitors' deaths, first to surprise them when he strings his own bow, much to the surprise of the suitors. Odysseus quickly and brutally kills the suitors with help from Athena and Telemachus. He covers up the slaughter inside his house by dancing and singing, and people who walked by outside thought "A miracle - someone's married the queen at last!" It is easily seen that throughout Homer’s Odyssey, rationality and crafty thinking prevails over impulse and irrationality.

Beloved herself Essay

Introduction Toni Morrison is famed for her portrayal of African American life in her vivid novels, especially her portrayal of African American women and their place and position within society. Morrison was herself born in a working class family but worked hard and attended Howard University and then Cornell University. Although she faced discrimination and sexism throughout her early life, she overcame the obstacles and went on to become a successful editor before writing her first novel in 1970, The Bluest Eye. All of Morrison’s later novels earned her praise and a place within a white-dominated literary world. She used her influence to advance fellow African American writers, but it was Beloved that she became best known for. The novel, which is set in rural Ohio following the Civil War, contains multiple stories, voices, and shifts in time. The narrative swings back and forth in time to reveal the disturbing and complicated maternal experiences of Sethe, now a former slave living with her mother-in-law Baby Suggs and daughter Denver in a farmhouse on the outskirts of Cincinnati. While much of the novel takes place in this 1873 post-war setting, the past lies at the devastating core of the novel and impacts the present with vicious intensity. Indeed, as critic Valerie Smith points out, â€Å"The characters have been so profoundly affected by the experience of slavery that time cannot separate them from its horrors or undo its effects† (345). Certainly, this is the case for Sethe and Paul D, a former Sweet Home slave who comes to live with Sethe and Denver in Ohio after the war. Having endured unspeakable horrors during slavery, both find the past a constant, threatening presence in their lives. To a significant extent, Beloved embodies the past and serves as a disrupting force in the present. Moreover, with her multiple incarnations, Beloved also represents the complex, multi-layered treatment given to maternal experience in the novel. The first and most obvious level of the maternal in Beloved consists of the social and historical realities that lie beneath the text. Morrison acknowledges that the actual story of Margaret Garner of Ohio provides the historical substance of Beloved (qtd. in Naylor 206). According to various accounts, Garner, like Sethe, attempted to kill her children rather return them to slavery (Lerner 60-63). She succeeded in killing one child, whom Morrison transforms into the figure of Beloved herself. According to Morrison, â€Å"I just imagined the life of a dead girl which was the girl that Margaret Garner killed, the baby girl that she killed† (qtd. in Naylor 208). With Garner’s story then becoming Sethe’s, Morrison depicts both the cruel realities of motherhood under slavery and the interiority of such maternal experience. In this process, she exposes the â€Å"the silences in the generic first-person slave narratives† and crosses â€Å"the boundaries between fiction and history† (Grewal 156) Mothering, although about loving, caretaking, nurturing, and teaching, has the primary function of protection that stems from the request to survive. The survival includes that of self and of offspring, who will ensure the existence of future generations of families. Because survival of self is a necessary phase of survival of the offspring, with it come characteristics seemingly unmotherly. Although mothers are stereotypically viewed as soft, selfless, and abounding with patience, in fact, they have the capacity to be selfish, angry, and cruel in the process of being protective of their children. Mothers work to maintain life, or what they regard as right in terms of their definitions of life, regardless of the morality of their actions. And who determines the morality? Mothers are expected to be authoritative in their realm and are charged with the protection, at all costs, of the children of which they are the source or guardian. However, most of them don’t have certain rights or power to make the rules in society to carry out the protection. Therefore it is interesting to examine the social construction of mothering, both for mothers that chose motherhood, and for those upon whom motherhood was imposed; the dismantling of mothering stereotypes; and the way racial tragedies, culture, and survival define a mother’s role. Part of the issue, then, is that we place modern day standards on women from other eras. Another issue is raised as well. It is the question as to what determines how a mother will do her job. The answer includes nature and nurture, as well as, perhaps, the division of essentialism and social constructionism. According to essentialism, a mother has born qualities, nature determined, that manipulate her thought process and her decision-making process. Yet, these born qualities co-exist with environmental factors. Morrison therefore identifies de-essentializing critical strategies that still give a place to the slavery problem but revise the direction of this criticism. Nevertheless, the essentialist versus social constructionist theory still remains inherent to issues of motherhood. Eyer notes that â€Å"bonding is described as a maternal instinct†¦ designed to ensure survival† (69). Yet even the notion of maternal instinct can be questioned, especially if this mean it is to question biological determinism. Once again the issue of essentialism in motherhood is directly related to the social construction of what it is to be a â€Å"Good Mother† (Eyer 69). But who defines motherhood, survival and bonding? Is it possible that physical survival can be worse than death? Is it possible that the mother-child bond, so tightly fused, requires mothers to question the norm of the time, of the societal conditions? To protect may be interpreted as kill, as in Sethe’s case. Do these mothers have the obligation, whether essentialist or socially constructed mothers, to determine what is appropriate mothering in their situations? Perhaps these mothering characters absorb the language of biological determinism and actually use their biological differences as the source of their power, the source of their decisions and choices. The focus of this thesis, then, is the breakdown of the stereotype of mother as a result of racial and cultural oppressions in the most extreme circumstances, or after these extreme circumstances, illustrating that the cultures themselves are not always supportive of mothers and their inherent roles in society. The thesis also focuses on the crucial mothering characters in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, as well as offers relevant theoretical background that provides important perspectives on mothering in racial and cultural contexts. Morrison presents mothers who are very willing to be soft and hard, loving and cruel, moral and amoral for the sake of future generations. In Beloved, the crucial mothers are Sethe’s mother, Sethe, Baby Suggs, and Denver. Ella and Nan, though briefly addressed, are not considered central, as their mothering or othermothering capacities are demonstrated in a limited manner. The thesis would argue further, based upon the actions of Sethe that the socially constructed mother may refuse to act in full accordance with essentialism, for the purpose to do what they feel right, rather than the rules and morality based on social definitions. A lot of sources have been examined throughout this literary research study. A brief literature review on these sources is presented further. Deborah White in Ar’n’t I a Woman? attempts the mythology of the Southern mammy and other myths and challenges a richer, more multifaceted picture of the lives of African American women in slavery. Drawing on historical proof, including slave narratives and the diaries and autobiographies, in addition to the modern scholarship on the African American family, the author examines slave women’s routine, livelihood, female networks, and family roles. She finds power and ingenuity, but denies that female slaves played a dominant role in their families. Toni Morrison and Motherhood, by Andrea O’Reilly, offer a critical reading of motherhood and mothering complexly depicted in Beloved. The author intimately scrutinizes Morrison’s text and interviews as well as other appraisal of Morrison and feminism to theorize Black women’s daily experiences, which have been basically ignored by white feminists. Angelyn Mitchell in The Freedom to Remember studies current literary revisions of slavery in the United States by African American women writers. She claims that the modern studies have examined these works only from the perspective of victimization. Author transforms the conceptualization of these accounts in Beloved, focusing on the theme of freedom, not slavery, defining it as â€Å"liberatory narrative. † The Freedom to Remember shows how the liberatory narrative serves to emancipate its readers from the heritage of slavery in American culture: by facilitating a deeper dialogue of the problem and by making them new-fangled through elucidation and questioning. In the Toni Morrison’s Developing Class Consciousness, Doreatha Mbalia followed the growing of Morrison’s consciousness from her examination of racism in her early fiction, to her growing understanding of the nature of capitalism and the necessity for collective struggle in and Beloved. Diane Eyer in Motherguilt: How Our Culture Blames Mothers for What’s Wrong with Society, is convinced that the pseudo scientific conception of maternal â€Å"bond† is one of the ways the rules of mothering have been revised to restrain mothers’ interests in such possessions as work for income outside the home. Eyer is disturbed with the political and subjective twists that scientific investigation is given when attitudes about maternal nature and the principles of motherhood are questioned. Jan Furman in Toni Morrison’s Fiction, traces the persistent characters, subjects, and settings that represent Morrison’s literary vision and strike a well-known chords for Morrison’s readers. Showing that novelist sturdily supports the thought that the artist must beget and interpret culture, Furman discloses the Morrison ‘s contribution to the development and restatement of the American literary tenets through her depiction of the Black woman experience. As well, Furman scrutinizes Morrison’s distress with the threat of gender and racial stereotyping and with her appreciation for those who defy such boundaries. Pointing to the Morrison ‘s astonishing portrayals of human pain, survival, and triumph, Furman moves ahead of literary analysis to enlighten what she argues to be the crucial achievement of Morrison’s narrative: the presentation of the pathway to emotional independence and spiritual freedom. Trudier Harris in Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison, shows how Morrison’s previous novels reveal interest to the folkloric elements in the form of narrator as storyteller; in the use of folk tales, funny stories, false notions, and other kinds of traditions; and in the emphasis on such â€Å"verbal† features as music. Jacqueline Jones’s tremendous study Labor of Love. Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, takes us far into the insinuations of the extensive social distinctions between the African American and the white experiences and practices in America. Jones’s book gets rid of several nasty stereotypes and obstinate myths, it is free of the bigotry and racism it portrays, and it shows old facts in new ways. This thesis has been divided into 5 parts, introduction, main body and conclusion. Main body is dived into three chapters. The first part explores the social construction of slavery motherhood. Theoretical background to the mothering aspects of Morrison’s novel is presented here briefly. Certain generalized assumptions are made about motherhood, mothering and othermothering. Although they cannot be accurate definitions for all mothers or all situations, they perhaps indicate the relation between essentialism and constructionism, in the identification of motherhood. This part looks at mothering under pressure and threat. The second part examines the roles and representations of motherhood in the novel, and Sethe’s role as a mother in particular. The role of breasts and breastmilk images are discussed and considered as a bond between mother and a child. Then, thesis, especially in terms of Sethe, distinguishes how mothers’ reactions to situations, though seemingly â€Å"animalistic† are, in fact, logically thought out, using human reasoning. If, according to society, the essential aspects of mothering are to be loving, caring, and nurturing, then it is through circumstances that a mother must determine how she can best be all these things, doing what is â€Å"best† for her child or children. In the third part, thesis is focused on the breakdown of the stereotype of mother as a result of racial and cultural oppressions in the most extreme circumstances, or in the aftermath of these extreme circumstances, illustrating that the cultures themselves are not always supportive of mothers and their inherent roles in society. The character of Baby Suggs has also been analyzed here thoroughly, showing how a destreotyping of black womanhood can contribute to a de-essentialized image of slavery. The thesis concludes, that the socially constructed mother who rejects the essential aspects of motherhood in order to do what she feels is â€Å"right,† rather than what is expected by society as a human mother. Thus, one must ascertain with respect to these culturally diverse mothers whether the essential aspects of being a mother transcend the socially constructed aspects of motherhood or not. Their desire and ultimate goal is still keeping their children and themselves alive. Indeed, the interpretation of mothering for each of the mothers makes the difference. Each woman identifies herself as a mother or othermother includes motherhood into her personal identity. A mother creates identity, or, if she does not create it, she nurtures it so that it may bloom and grow of its own accord. Considering social constructionism, this creation becomes exceedingly evident in the mothers and daughters in the novel, as well as in reality.

Food And Culture Essay

Culture is broadly defined as the beliefs, attitudes, values, customs, and habits accepted by a community of individuals. Cultural behavior patterns are reinforced when a group is isolated by geography or segregated by socioeconomic status. Culture is learned, not inherited; it is passed from generation to generation. The term food habits refers to the ways in which humans use food, including how food is obtained and stored, how it is prepared, how it is served and to whom, and how it is consumed. A. H. Maslow’s theory of human maturation as applied to food habits explains how food use progresses from eating for existence to eating for self-actualization. 1.Physical needs for survival: Daily needs for nutrients must be met before more complex food use can occur. 2.Social needs for security: Once the immediate need for food is satisfied, future needs can be and are considered. The storage of food, in a pantry or in a refrigerator, may represent security. 3.Belongingness: This use of food shows that an individual belongs to a group. The need to belong is satisfied by consuming the foods that are eaten by the social group as a whole. These foods represent comfort and happiness for many people; during periods of stress or illness, people often want the foods they ate during childhood. Sometimes people adopt a special diet to demonstrate belongingness. For example, African Americans who live outside the South, may choose to eat what is called soul food (such as pork ribs and greens) on certain occasions as an expression of ethnic identity. Etiquette, the appropriate use of food, is also a way of demonstrating belongingness. Entirely different manners are required when lunching with business associates at an expensive restaurant, when attending a tea, when eating in a school cafeteria, when drinking with friends at a bar, or when  picnicking with a significant other. 4.Status: Food can be used to define social position. Champagne and caviar imply wealth, beans and potatoes are traditionally associated with the poor. Status foods are used for social interaction. When a man picks up his date, he brings her chocolates, not broccoli. Wine is considered an appropriate gift to the hostess, a gallon of milk is not. In general, eating with someone connotes social equality with that person. Many societies regulate who can dine together as a means of establishing class relationships. Women and children may eat separately from men, or servants may eat in the kitchen, away from their employers. This attempted separation by class was also seen in the U.S. restaurants that excluded African Americans before the civil rights legislation of the 1960s. 5.Self-realization: This stage of food use occurs when all previous stages have been achieved to the individual’s satisfaction. Personal preference takes precedence, and the individual may experiment with the foods of different ethnic or economic groups. Food and Culture in America. A Nutrition Handbook, 2nd Edition. Pamela Kittler & Kathryn P. Sucher. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998. Cultural Paper Complete a three to five page paper on the nutritional habits/customs, health beliefs and practices of a specific culture. As you prepare this paper, think about the issues addressed in the previous pages and how these influences shape a culture’s eating habits. As your paper takes shape, you may want to include some of the following points: History of the specific culture Common food rituals Food beliefs: is food used symbolically, spiritually or does the culture use specific food/foods for therapeutic purposes? Are there any traditional or  staple foods used regularly in their diet. What is the meaning of this food? Do the people of the culture follow a specific daily pattern related to diet and meals? Does the culture change their nutritional beliefs or have different food customs throughout the lifecycle, from infancy to adult years, during pregnancy and lactation or during sickness and health? What did you learn about this culture? Feel free to include personal experiences and any recipes to share with the class from this culture. Please include a minimum of two references published within the past five years from a reputable health/nutrition related journal and/or book. Suggestions include Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Journal of Nutrition Education, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition or Journal of the American Medical Association.

What Is Your Round White Pill 21 Possibilities

What Is Your Round White Pill 21 Possibilities SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have a round white pill in a baggie or pillbox and you aren’t sure what it is? Trying to figure out what the loose white round pill with a numbered imprint in the bottom of your medicine drawer is? In this guide to identifying your white round pill, we’ll go over how to identify an unknown white round pill and include some common round white pills with different imprints to help you identify your mysterious medication! Identifying Your Round White Pill: Safety Note Before we describe how to identify your round white pill, here are a couple of important safety notes on unidentified pills: #1: Don’t Take a Pill If You Aren’t Sure What It Is Unless you are absolutely, positively, 100% sure that you’ve successfully identified your white round pill, don’t take it. Taking medication when you aren’t 100% sure what you’re taking is incredibly dangerous and could even lead to death depending on what the pill is and what else you’re taking. #2: Don’t Take Pills That Weren’t Prescribed to You Even if you successfully identify the pill in question, what should you do if it’s not something that’s been prescribed to you? If you identify a prescription medication that wasn’t prescribed to you, don’t take it. It’s very dangerous to take pills that weren’t prescribed to you because a doctor has not assessed whether that medication is safe for you to take. Also, it’s best to keep pills in their original bottles as much as possible so that you don’t end up with unidentified little white round pills floating around. But if you’re reading this article, it’s too late for that! Just something to keep in mind for the future. This doesn't look like the original bottle! 3 Steps to Identifying Your Round White Pill Here is our 3-step process to identifying your white round pill: Step 1: Check Imprint/Pill Code Many pills have some kind of number or letter combination imprinted on one or both sides. This is known as the imprint or the pill code. The first thing to do is check whether there’s any kind of stamp on either side of your white round pill. If yes, note down what it is. A white round pill with an imprint will be much easier to identify than a circle white pill without one. Step 2: Measure Pill Size Are you dealing with a small round white pill? A medium-sized one? A big one? Measuring your pill’s exact length in millimeters will help you identify it, especially if your pill has an imprint that other, different medications also have. Step 3: Look Up Pill We have some common imprints (with sizes) listed in the next section of this article. (You can ctrl+F to try to find the imprint/pill code you are looking for). If the pill you’re looking for isn’t listed below, you can look up pills by size, shape, color, and imprint on the National Library of Medicine’s Pillbox site. Note that some pills share an imprint. For example, a small round white pill with an imprint of 10 could be hyoscyamine sulfate, iloperidone, alendronate sodium, or one of several other drugs. Knowing the size might help you narrow it down, but then again, maybe not: both hyoscyamine sulfate and alendronate sodium come in 5 mm pills. The pictures of the pills are slightly different, but not all the pills in Pillbox have pictures. If you can’t determine definitively what the pill is, don’t take it, and follow safe disposal practices per the FDA. Get out that ruler and get ready to measure! Common Round White Pills In this section, we’ll go over common white round pills by imprint or pill code. We’ll also give a size, identify the drug and what it’s for, and list what else the medication is sold as. We've included an image of the pill from Pillbox when an image is available. Pill codes that identify the same or similar drugs are grouped together. Round White Pill AN 627 Tramadol hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 9 mm What it is: Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Ultram Round White Pill 319 Size: 9 mm What it is: Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Ultram Round White Pill 512 Oxycodone and acetaminophen. Source: Pillbox. Size: 12 mm What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet Round White Pill A349 Size: 12 mm What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet Round White Pill 54 543 Roxicet oxycodone and acetaminophen. Source: Pillbox. Size: 11 mm What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg; this particular imprint is the brand-name Roxicet What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet Round White Pill IP 203 Size: 11 mm capsule What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet Round White Pill K 18 Size: 6 mm What it is: Oxycodone hydrochloride 5 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Roxicodone, Endocodone, Percolone, Oxaydo Round White Pill 4810 V Oxycodone hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 6 mm What it is: Oxycodone hydrochloride 5 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Roxicodone, Endocodone, Percolone, Oxaydo Round White Pill OP 10 OxyContin 10 mg oxycodone. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: 10 mg extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride; this imprint in particular is OxyContin What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Authorized generic Oxycodone ER. Round White Pill 44 159 Size: 13 mm What it is: Acetaminophen 250 MG / Aspirin 250 MG / Caffeine 65 MG What it’s for: Over-the-counter pain reliever primarily for migraines and menstrual cramps Also sold as: Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Tension Headache, Excedrin Menstrual Complete, Bayer Migraine Formula, Pamprin Round White Pill PLIVA 433 Trazodone hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 9 mm What it is: Trazodone hydrochloride 50 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only serotonin modulator and stimulator (SMS) antidepressant; also prescribed for insomnia Also sold as: Desyrel Round White Pill M 4 Hydromorphone hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: Hydromorphone hydrochloride 4 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic painkiller Also sold as: Dilaudid Round White Pill APO TI-4 Tizanidine hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 8 mm. What it is: Tizanidine hydrochloride 4 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only muscle relaxant; also prescribed for migraines, as a sleep aid, and as an anticonvulsant Also sold as: Zanaflex, Sirdalud Round White Pill G 2011 Orphenadrine Citrate. Source: Pillbox. Size: 9 mm What it is: Orphenadrine citrate 100 mg What it’s for: Extended-release prescription-only muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasms and pain Also sold as: Norflex Extended-Release Round White Pill GPI A325 Acetaminophen. Source: Pillbox. Size: 10 mm What it is: Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Over-the-counter painkiller Also sold as: Tylenol Round White Pill 10 M Size: 7 mm What it is: Methylphenidate hydrochloride 10 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only stimulant used to treat ADHD and sometimes narcolepsy Also sold as: Ritalin Round White Pill Watson 241 1 Lorazepam. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: Lorazepam 1 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only anti-anxiety medication of the benzodiazepine class. Also sold as: Ativan, Temesta Round White Pill M 15 Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate. Source: Pillbox. Size: 6 mm What it is: Diphenoxylate hydrochloride 2.5 mg / Atropine sulfate 0.025 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid used to treat diarrhea; atropine is included to discourage misuse Also sold as: Lomotil Round White Pill G 4 Ondansetron. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: Ondansetron 4 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only nausea/vomiting treatment, primarily prescribed for chemotherapy or post-surgery Also sold as: Zofran Round White Pill W 921 Cefuroxime axetil. Source: Pillbox. Size: 11 mm What it is: Cefuroxime axetil 250 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Also sold as: Ceftin Round White Pill W 929 Lisinopril. Source: Pillbox. Size: 8 mm What it is: Lisinopril 10 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure. Also sold as: Zestril, Prinivil Identifying Your Round White Pill: The Bottom Line Is your unidentified white pill round? In this article, we went over how to identify a white round pill with an imprint or pill code. First it’s important to note that if you can’t identify what your small round white pill is definitively, you shouldn’t take it. You also shouldn’t take a circle white pill if it’s prescription-only and something that wasn’t prescribed to you. Here’s our three-step process to identifying your little round white pill: #1: Check the imprint/code (the combination of letters and numbers found on one or both sides of the pill).#2: Measure the pill’s size in mm.#3: Check the rest of the article for common pill codes and imprints, or look on Pillbox if it’s not listed. Note that multiple medicines may share the same pill code and even the same size. If you can’t definitively identify your pill, don’t take it. What's Next? Want more in-depth info about other pills? We can tell you about M366 pills and and white 377 pills. Wondering whether supplements work? We can give you the scoop on booty pop, cebria, and virectin- do they work? Are they safe? Curious about designer drugs? We can tell you all about 4-ho-met and 4-fa.

Overview of the Basics of Probability

Overview of the Basics of Probability Probability is a term we are relatively familiar with. However, when you look up the definition of probability, youll find a variety of similar definitions. Probability is all around us. Probability refers to the likelihood or relative frequency for something to happen. The continuum of probability falls anywhere from impossible to certain and anywhere in between. When we speak of chance or the odds; the chances or odds of winning the lottery, were also referring to probability. The chances or odds or probability of winning the lottery is something like 18 million to 1. In other words, the probability of winning the lottery is highly unlikely. Weather forecasters use probability to inform us of the likelihood (probability) of storms, sun, precipitation, temperature and along with all weather patterns and trends. Youll hear that theres a 10% chance of rain. To make this prediction, a lot of data is taken into account and then analyzed. The medical field informs us of the likelihood of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, the odds of beating cancer etc. The Importance of Probablity in Everyday Life Probability has become a topic in math that has grown out of societal needs. The language of probability starts as early as kindergarten and remains a topic through high school and beyond. The collection and analysis of data have become extremely prevalent throughout the math curriculum. Students typically do experiments to analyze possible outcomes and to calculate frequencies and relative frequencies.Why? Because making predictions is extremely important and useful. Its what drives our researchers and statisticians who will make predictions about disease, the environment, cures, optimal health, highway safety, and air safety to name a few. We fly because we are told that there is only a 1 in 10 million chance of dying in an airplane crash. It takes the analysis of a great deal of data to determine the probability/chances of events and to do so as accurately as possible. In school, students will make predictions based on simple experiments. For instance, they roll dice to determine how often theyll roll a 4. (1 in 6) But they will also soon discover that it is very difficult to predict with any kind of accuracy or certainty what t.he outcome of any given roll will be. They will also discover that the results will be better as the number of trials grows. The results for a low number of trials is not as good as the results are for a large number of trials. With probability being the likelihood of an outcome or event, we can say that the theoretical probability of an event is the number of outcomes of the event divided by the number of possible outcomes. Hence the dice, 1 out of 6. Typically, the math curriculum will require students to conduct experiments, determine fairness, collect the data using various methods, interpret and analyze the data, display the data and state the rule for the probability of the outcome. In summary, probability deals with patterns and trends that occur in random events. Probability helps us to determine what the likelihood of something happening will be. Statistics and simulations help us to determine probability with greater accuracy. Simply put, one could say probability is the study of chance. It affects so many aspects of life, everything from earthquakes occurring to sharing a birthday. If youre interested in probability, the field in math youll want to pursue will be data management and statistics.

Ethical Issue Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue Case study - Essay Example There are existing statutes that cover the case of patients like the Somali immigrant. Several cases have already been resolved by the American courts with regards to treatment to forced treatment of people with contagious diseases. This coerced consent, according to Scutchfield and Keck, is not obtained as a sham of an informed consent, but as a way to obviate the need for physically forcing the treatment on the patient (72). I can also, as an alternative, resort to outright coercion. While this is extremely rare, this is not something that is unheard of. The case is quite extraordinary. First, the patient refuses treatment because tuberculosis is supposedly a death warrant in Somali culture. Secondly, her family also acceded to her wishes and supported her decision. Finally, there are no other medical alternatives left that would accommodate the cultural beliefs of the patient. Asking for legal advice to this action is crucial as well. But this is a matter of life and death and the fact that there is the danger of to the public variable. The civil authorities are always found to rule in support of healthcare decisions made in emergency situations that are dispensed with in good faith. The patient can only contest a forced treatment if they could provide evidence that: 1) the patient’s decision was contrary to what it would have been considered consequence of the involuntariness; and, 2) the treatment resulted into harm for the woman. I am basing my decision out of the principle of Act-Utilitarianism which argues that an action is right or wrong according to the consequences it resulted. If the result is good, then the act itself must be good as well and vice versa. Put in another way, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its utility or those that are intrinsically valuable under the utilitarian’s theory of value (Thomas and Waluchow 19). One may argue that Act Utilitarianism is just another version of the-end-justifies-the-me ans argument but such is not the case. Utilitarianism is not really about instances like fraud being committed in order to achieve some higher purpose. Instead, there is a moral dimension, which requires a moral agent to decide for the achievement of happiness and benefits for all. The decision-maker under Act Utilitarianism always makes the following claim: An act is right and only if there is no other action I could have done instead which either (a) would have produced a greater balance of utility over disutility; or (b) would have produced a smaller balance of disutility over utility (19). There is the need to decide in a forward-looking manner with an emphasis on the examination of the impact of such decision to those affected individuals. It is ethical because, first, it is unselfish. The decision-maker makes the decision for the good of all. Secondly, it promotes happiness, well-being or positive benefits to those affected. In moral theology (from where most of our concepts o f goodness and evil comes from) there is always a concept of the unavoidable evil in order to achieve good results if that is the only way to do so. This rationale is expressed in a duty-based morality that a doctor can use in order to address the problem posed by the woman refusing treatment. I would like to discuss the behavior of the patient from the utilitarian perspective. She is suffering from a